AI 中文总结
本研究在三维光学晶格中通过自旋轨道耦合实现了稳定的全涡旋和半涡旋孤子，并证明其稳定区域随耦合强度和晶格深度增大而扩展。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了在三维光学晶格中，由自旋轨道耦合维持的二元自相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的三维孤子。分析表明，自旋轨道耦合与光学晶格的相互作用导致形成稳定的全涡旋孤子，其由位于晶格势相邻势阱中的四个密度峰组成，并叠加有全局涡旋相位，以及位点中心的半涡旋，其中涡度仅存在于一个分量中。具有特定相位纹理的全涡旋孤子在具有自旋轨道耦合的均匀玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中不存在。在二元自吸引玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中，全涡旋和半涡旋态是稳定的，尽管三维系统中存在超临界塌缩的可能性。这些态在自排斥三维系统中也作为间隙孤子存在。就化学势和粒子数而言，三维全涡旋孤子和半涡旋的稳定区域随着自旋轨道耦合强度和光学晶格深度的增加而扩大。这些结果为利用现有实验技术创造携带涡度的凝聚体三维复合体开辟了道路。
英文摘要
We address three-dimensional (3D) solitons maintained by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the binary self-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) held in the 3D optical lattice (OL). The analysis reveals that the SOC-OL interplay results in the formation of stable full-vortex (FV) soli-tons, built as sets of four density peaks residing in neighboring wells of the lattice potential, with the superimposed global vortical phase, and site-centered semi-vortices (SV), in which the vorticity is present in only one component. The full-vortex solitons, with their specific phase textures, do not exist in a uniform BEC with SOC. Full-vortex and semi-vortex states in the binary self-attractive BEC are stable despite the possibility of the supercritical collapse in the 3D system. Such states also exist, as gap solitons, in the self-repulsive 3D system. In terms of the chemical potential and number of particles, the stability regions of the 3D full-vortex solitons and semi-vortices expand with the increase of the SOC strength and OL depth. The results open the route to the creation of 3D complexes of vorticity-carrying condensates that can be realized with existing experimental techniques.
Comments9 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Fortschritte der Physik - Progress of Physics
