We study monodromy reduction of Fuchsian connections from a sheave theoretic viewpoint, focusing on the case when a singularity of a special connection with four singularities has been resolved. The main tool of study is {based on} a bundle modification technique due to Drinfeld and Oblezin. This approach via invariant spaces and eigenvalue problems allows us not only to explain Erdélyi's classical infinite hypergeometric expansions of solutions to Heun equations, but also to obtain new expansions not found in his papers. As a consequence, a geometric proof of Takemura's eigenvalues inclusion theorem is obtained. Finally, we observe a precise matching between the monodromy reduction criteria giving those special solutions of Heun equations and that giving classical solutions of the Painlevé VI equation.
We consider a second order reducible equation having non-resonant irregular singularities at $x=0$ and $x=\infty$. Both of them are of Poincaré rank 1. We introduce a small complex parameter $\varepsilon$ that splits together $x=0$ and $x=\infty$ into four different Fuchsian singularities $x_L=-\sqrt{\varepsilon}, x_R=\sqrt{\varepsilon}$ and $x_{LL}=-1/\sqrt{\varepsilon}, x_{RR}=1/\sqrt{\varepsilon}$, respectively. The perturbed equation is a second order reducible Fuchsian equation with 4 different singularities, i.e. a Heun type equation. Then we prove that when the perturbed equation has ex…
The reducible double confluent Heun equation (DCHE) is the only DCHE whose general symmetric unfolding leads to a Fuchsian equation. Contrary to general Heun equation the unfolded Fuchsian equation has 5 singular points : $x_L=-\sqrt{\varepsilon}, x_R=\sqrt{\varepsilon}, x_{LL}=-1/\sqrt{\varepsilon}, x_{RR}=1/\sqrt{\varepsilon}$ and $x_{\infty}=\infty$. We prove that the monodromy matrix around the regular resonant singularity at the origin is realizable as a limit of the product of the monodromy matrices around resonant singularities $x_L$ and $x_R$ when $\sqrt{\varepsilon} \to 0$ while the S…
It is known that the Fuchsian differential equation which produces the sixth Painlevé equation corresponds to the Fuchsian differential equation with different parameters via Euler's integral transformation, and Heun's equation also corresponds to Heun's equation with different parameters, again via Euler's integral transformation. In this paper we study the correspondences in detail. After investigating correspondences with respect to monodromy, it is demonstrated that the existence of polynomial-type solutions corresponds to apparency (non-branching) of a singularity. For the elliptical repr…
We prove the Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem with derivatives for the uniformizing functions of genus zero Fuchsian groups of the first kind. Our proof relies on differential Galois theory, monodromy of linear differential equations, the study of algebraic and Liouvillian solutions, differential algebraic work of Nishioka towards the Painlevé irreducibility of certain Schwarzian equations, and considerable machinery from the model theory of differentially closed fields. Our techniques allow for certain generalizations of the Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem which have interesting consequences…
We consider a 3-dimensional Pfaffian system, whose z-component is a differential system with irregular singularity at infinity and Fuchsian at zero. In the first part of the paper, we prove that its Frobenius integrability is equivalent to the sixth Painlevé equation PVI. The coefficients of the system will be explicitly written in terms of the solutions of PVI. In this way, we remake a result of [44, 61]. We then express in terms of the Stokes matrices of the 3x3 irregular system the monodromy invariants p_{jk}=Tr(M_jM_k) of the 2-dimensional isomonodromic Fuchsian system with four singularit…
We study an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank 1 at the origin of a certain third-order linear solvable homogeneous ODE. We perturb the equation by introducing a small parameter $\varepsilon\in (\mathbb{R}_+, 0)\,(\varepsilon < 1)$ which causes the splitting of the irregular singularity into two finite Fuchsian singularities. We show that when the solutions of the perturbed equation contain logarithmic terms, the Stokes matrices of the initial equation are limits of the part of the monodromy matrices around the finite resonant Fuchsian singularities of the perturbed equation.
