具有NenuFAR的脉冲星：后端和管道
Pulsars with NenuFAR: backend and pipelines
摘要：
NenuFAR（英语：New extension in Nançay upgrading LoFAR）是一个新的射电望远镜，在Nançay射电天文台的网站上开发和建造。它被设计用于观察从10到85 MHz的未开发频率窗口，在其整个带宽内提供高灵敏度。NenuFAR已于2019年7月开始其“早期科学”行动，其最终收集面积的58%可用。脉冲星是科学利用这一频率范围的主要课题之一，也是仪器方面的一个重要挑战。由于需要补偿星际介质和电离层对观测信号的影响，在这些频率上设计仪器是复杂的。我们的实时管道LUPPI（低频终极脉冲星处理仪器）能够处理高数据速率，并提供实时相干去色散，最低频率可达NenuFAR（10 MHz）。完整的后端功能，以及主要的脉冲星观测模式（折叠，单脉冲，波形和动态频谱）。这种仪器使我们能够在85 MHz以下的首次目标搜索中检测到172个干扰星，包括10个毫秒干扰星（其中6个是首次在100 MHz以下检测到的）。我们还介绍了一些NenuFAR在火星上的“早期科学”结果：本文对PSR B 1919 $+$ 21的发射剖面进行了高频率分辨率的测绘，并对PSR B 0809 $+$ 74的单脉冲子结构进行了详细的观测（43个事件/分钟），以及仪器非常好的计时性能的说明，使我们能够非常详细地研究色散测量变化。
英文摘要：
NenuFAR (New extension in Nançay upgrading LoFAR) is a new radio telescope developed and built on the site of the Nançay Radio Observatory. It is designed to observe the largely unexplored frequency window from 10 to 85\,MHz, offering a high sensitivity across its full bandwidth. NenuFAR has started its "early science" operation in July 2019, with 58\% of its final collecting area being available. Pulsars are one of the major topics for the scientific exploitation of this frequency range and represent an important challenge in terms of instrumentation. Designing instrumentation at these frequencies is complicated by the need to compensate for the effects of both the interstellar medium and the ionosphere on the observed signal. Our real-time pipeline LUPPI (Low frequency Ultimate Pulsar Processing Instrumentation) is able to cope with a high data rate and to provide real-time coherent de-dispersion down to the lowest frequencies reached by NenuFAR (10\,MHz). The full backend functionality is described, as well as the main pulsar observing modes (folded, single-pulse, waveform, and dynamic spectrum). This instrumentation allowed us to detect 172 pulsars in our first targeted search below 85\,MHz, including 10 millisecond pulsars (6 of which detected for the first time below 100 MHz). We also present some of the "early science" results of NenuFAR on pulsars: a high frequency resolution mapping of PSR B1919$+$21's emission profile and a detailed observation of single-pulse sub-structures from PSR~B0809$+$74 down to 16\,MHz, the high rate of giant-pulse emission from the Crab pulsar detected at 68.7\,MHz (43 events/min), and the illustration of the very good timing performance of the instrumentation, allowing us to study dispersion measure variations in great detail.
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