X射线线性二向色重叠关联成像
X-ray linear dichroic ptychography
摘要：
生物矿物，如贝壳，珊瑚骨骼，骨骼和釉质是光学各向异性晶体材料，具有独特的纳米和微米级组织，转化为卓越的宏观机械性能，为工程设计新的和卓越的仿生结构提供灵感。在这里，我们使用Seriatopora aculeata珊瑚骨骼颗粒作为模型，并演示，第一次，X射线线性二向色重叠。我们映射的文石（碳酸钙）晶体c轴取向的珊瑚骨骼与35 nm的空间分辨率。在0 K边能量下的线性二向色相位成像显示出强的偏振依赖对比度，并揭示了亚微米珊瑚颗粒中存在窄（< 35°）和宽（> 35°）的c轴角展度。这些X射线重叠关联分析结果使用相同颗粒上的4D扫描透射电子纳米衍射证实。共取向但不连续的珊瑚石子域的证据表明锯齿状的晶界与通过无定形纳米颗粒附着形成一致。展望未来，我们预计X射线线性二向色重叠关联成像技术可以应用于研究纳米微晶，界面，成核和矿物生长的光学各向异性材料的亚十纳米空间分辨率在三维空间。
英文摘要：
Biominerals such as seashells, corals skeletons, bone, and enamel are optically anisotropic crystalline materials with unique nano- and micro-scale organization that translates into exceptional macroscopic mechanical properties, providing inspiration for engineering new and superior biomimetic structures. Here we use particles of Seriatopora aculeata coral skeleton as a model and demonstrate, for the first time, x-ray linear dichroic ptychography. We map the aragonite (CaCO3) crystal c-axis orientations in coral skeleton with 35 nm spatial resolution. Linear dichroic phase imaging at the O K-edge energy shows strong polarization-dependent contrast and reveals the presence of both narrow (< 35°) and wide (> 35°) c-axis angular spread in sub-micrometer coral particles. These x-ray ptychography results were corroborated using 4D scanning transmission electron nano-diffraction on the same particles. Evidence of co-oriented but disconnected corallite sub-domains indicates jagged crystal boundaries consistent with formation by amorphous nanoparticle attachment. Looking forward, we anticipate that x-ray linear dichroic ptychography can be applied to study nano-crystallites, interfaces, nucleation and mineral growth of optically anisotropic materials with sub-ten nanometers spatial resolution in three dimensions.
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