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arXiv 2009.01036cs.RO
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用于安全人机协作的三维碰撞力地图

3D Collision-Force-Map for Safe Human-Robot Collaboration

Czech Technical University in Prague(布拉格捷克技术大学);Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague(布拉格捷克技术大学电气工程学院)

Petr Svarny, Jakub Rozlivek, Lukas Rustler, Matej Hoffmann

摘要:

为了保证协作机器人的安全性,限制了它们的性能,特别是它们的速度和周期时间。ISO/TS 15066标准定义了功率和力限制操作模式,并规定了移动机器人在撞击过程中允许施加在人体部位上的力阈值,以及一个简单的公式,以获得机器人在整个工作空间中的最大允许速度。在这项工作中,我们测量了两个协同机械手(UR 10 e和KUKA LBR iiwa)向下移动对冲击测量装置施加的力。首先,我们的经验表明,在机器人工作空间内的冲击力可以变化超过100%。这些力与机器人基座的距离和工作空间中的高度负相关。其次,我们提出了一个数据驱动的模型,3D碰撞力地图,从距离,高度和速度预测冲击力,并证明它可以在有限数量的数据点上进行训练。第三,我们分析了冲击力的演变,发现UR 10 e从未发生过夹紧。我们发现,ISO/TS 15066中与机器人质量、速度和冲击力相关的公式是不够的,导致了显著的低估和高估,从而导致了不必要的长周期时间,甚至是危险的应用。我们提出了一种经验方法,可以部署到快速确定最佳的速度和位置,可以安全地执行任务,以最大的效率。

英文摘要:

The need to guarantee safety of collaborative robots limits their performance, in particular, their speed and hence cycle time. The standard ISO/TS 15066 defines the Power and Force Limiting operation mode and prescribes force thresholds that a moving robot is allowed to exert on human body parts during impact, along with a simple formula to obtain maximum allowed speed of the robot in the whole workspace. In this work, we measure the forces exerted by two collaborative manipulators (UR10e and KUKA LBR iiwa) moving downward against an impact measuring device. First, we empirically show that the impact forces can vary by more than 100 percent within the robot workspace. The forces are negatively correlated with the distance from the robot base and the height in the workspace. Second, we present a data-driven model, 3D Collision-Force-Map, predicting impact forces from distance, height, and velocity and demonstrate that it can be trained on a limited number of data points. Third, we analyze the force evolution upon impact and find that clamping never occurs for the UR10e. We show that formulas relating robot mass, velocity, and impact forces from ISO/TS 15066 are insufficient -- leading both to significant underestimation and overestimation and thus to unnecessarily long cycle times or even dangerous applications. We propose an empirical method that can be deployed to quickly determine the optimal speed and position where a task can be safely performed with maximum efficiency.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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