利用 Robo-AO 成像评估分光双星的多重性性质
Assessing Spectroscopic-Binary Multiplicity Properties Using Robo-AO Imaging
AI总结：
本文利用 Robo-AO 高分辨率成像统计太阳型分光双星的三级伴星，发现伴星频率随内侧双星周期缩短而显著升高，并为三体相互作用及角动量转移演化提供证据。
摘要：
我们基于基特峰 2.1 米望远镜上的机器人自适应光学系统（Robo-AO）获取的 0.75 微米成像数据，给出了 60 颗太阳型分光双星的高阶多重性结果。我们的对比度曲线表明，在约 1 角秒的间距处，灵敏度最高可达约 5 个星等。总体而言，我们在 62% 的双星样本中发现了三级伴星，但发现该比例与内侧双星轨道周期密切相关；其范围从 P_binary > 30 天时的约 47%，到 P_binary ≤ 5 天时高达约 90%。在由 Robo-AO 观测的 Kepler 食双星组成的第二个样本中，我们同样发现，周期更短的双星具有更高的三级伴星频率。利用 Gaia 距离，我们估计了每颗三级伴星轨道周期的上限，并比较了场星系统与恒星形成区中系统的三级伴星与双星周期比。综合来看，这些结果进一步证明了三体相互作用导致的角动量转移，从而产生紧密双星，而其三级伴星会从前主序阶段到场星年龄阶段逐渐远离。
英文摘要：
We present higher-order multiplicity results for 60 solar-type spectroscopic binaries based on 0.75 micron imaging data taken by the Robotic Adaptive Optics system (Robo-AO) at the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope. Our contrast curves show sensitivity of up to ~5 mag at ~1 arcsecond separation. We find tertiary companions for 62% of our binaries overall, but find this fraction is a strong function of the inner binary orbital period; it ranges from ~47% for P_{binary} > 30 days to as high as ~90% for P_{binary} <= 5 days. We similarly find increasing tertiary companion frequency for shorter period binaries in a secondary sample of Kepler eclipsing binaries observed by Robo-AO. Using Gaia distances, we estimate an upper limit orbital period for each tertiary companion and compare the tertiary-to-binary period ratios for systems in the field versus those in star-forming regions. Taken all together, these results provide further evidence for angular momentum transfer from three-body interactions, resulting in tight binaries with tertiaries that widen from pre-main-sequence to field ages.
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