干涉散斑可见光谱法（ISVS）用于脑血流监测
Interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy (ISVS) for human cerebral blood flow monitoring
摘要：
红外线散射法已被发展并用于无创监测人脑血流量（CBF）。然而，当检测深部组织中的血流时，与大脑相互作用的反射光子的数量很低。为了解决这个光子饥饿的问题，我们提出并证明了干涉散斑可见度光谱（ISVS）的想法。在ISVS中，使用干涉检测方案来增强弱信号光。从单帧散斑图的散斑统计推断血流动力学。实验证明，当信号光子数不足时，引入干涉检测可以提高测量保真度。我们应用ISVS系统来监测人体CBF的情况下，光强度是$\sim$ 100倍，比普通的扩散相关光谱（DCS）的实现。由于在ISVS系统中用于捕获光的像素（$\sim 2\times 10^5$）的数量很大，我们能够在一个曝光时间内收集与正常DCS实现中相似数量的光子。我们的系统以100 Hz的采样率工作。在2 ms的曝光时间处，平均信号光子电子数为$\sim$ 0.95计数/像素，产生$\sim$ 0.97的单像素干涉测量信噪比（SNR）。总$\sim 2\times 10^5$像素提供436的预期总体SNR。我们成功地证明了ISVS系统能够监测人脑脉动血流，以及当人类受试者正在做屏气任务时的血流变化。
英文摘要：
Infrared light scattering methods have been developed and employed to non-invasively monitor human cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the number of reflected photons that interact with the brain is low when detecting blood flow in deep tissue. To tackle this photon-starved problem, we present and demonstrate the idea of interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy (ISVS). In ISVS, an interferometric detection scheme is used to boost the weak signal light. The blood flow dynamics are inferred from the speckle statistics of a single frame speckle pattern. We experimentally demonstrated the improvement of measurement fidelity by introducing interferometric detection when the signal photon number is insufficient. We apply the ISVS system to monitor the human CBF in situations where the light intensity is $\sim$100-fold less than that in common diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) implementations. Due to the large number of pixels ($\sim 2\times 10^5$) used to capture light in the ISVS system, we are able to collect a similar number of photons within one exposure time as in normal DCS implementations. Our system operates at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. At the exposure time of 2 ms, the average signal photon electron number is $\sim$0.95 count/pixel, yielding a single pixel interferometric measurement signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of $\sim$0.97. The total $\sim 2\times 10^5$ pixels provide an expected overall SNR of 436. We successfully demonstrate that the ISVS system is able to monitor the human brain pulsatile blood flow, as well as the blood flow change when a human subject is doing a breath holding task.
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