微管细胞骨架的旋转不稳定性
Swirling Instability of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton
摘要：
在细胞质流动的细胞现象中，沿着微管网络携带货物的分子马达夹带周围的液体。由单个马达产生的微微牛顿力足以使长微管变形，就像许多移动马达产生的集体流体流动一样。在果蝇$D.~melanogaster$卵母细胞发育过程中的流动研究表明，从空间无序的细胞骨架，支持流动只有短程的相关性，一个有序的状态与细胞跨越旋涡流的过渡。为了验证这一假设，即这种转变是由流体-结构相互作用驱动的，我们研究了离散细丝模型和粗粒度的连续理论的电机上移动的可变形的细胞骨架，这两者都表现出$swirling~instability$自发大规模的旋转运动，观察到的。
英文摘要：
In the cellular phenomena of cytoplasmic streaming, molecular motors carrying cargo along a network of microtubules entrain the surrounding fluid. The piconewton forces produced by individual motors are sufficient to deform long microtubules, as are the collective fluid flows generated by many moving motors. Studies of streaming during oocyte development in the fruit fly $D.~melanogaster$ have shown a transition from a spatially-disordered cytoskeleton, supporting flows with only short-ranged correlations, to an ordered state with a cell-spanning vortical flow. To test the hypothesis that this transition is driven by fluid-structure interactions we study a discrete-filament model and a coarse-grained continuum theory for motors moving on a deformable cytoskeleton, both of which are shown to exhibit a $swirling~instability$ to spontaneous large-scale rotational motion, as observed.
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