保护天文观测站的夜空黑暗：线性系统方法
Protecting the night sky darkness in astronomical observatories: a linear systems approach
摘要：
人造光排放量的持续增加正在导致世界上大部分地区的夜空逐渐变亮。这一过程对在光学范围内运行的地面天文观测台的科学和教育活动的长期可持续性构成威胁。如果不断增加的光污染水平阻碍了进行这些关键科学基础设施所建立的顶级科学观测的能力，那么在建筑、科学和技术人员、设备和维护方面的巨额投资可能会面临风险。此外，光污染还有其他负面影响，例如生物多样性受到威胁，娱乐、旅游和文化享受的星空消失。传统的光污染缓解方法是基于对单个光源的光度测量施加条件，但法规很少涉及观测站周围区域内所有光源的综合影响。我们建议，这种方法应辅之以自上而下，inmission限制策略，从而明确的限制，以容许恶化的夜空以上的天文台。我们描述的指标，可用于此目的的一般形式，并开发线性模型，其值的人工排放量在整个领土。这种方法可以扩展到考虑其他保护需求，预计将有助于在更广泛的空间规划项目中对公共照明做出明智的决定。
英文摘要：
The sustained increase of emissions of artificial light is causing a progressive brightening of the night sky in most of the world. This process represents a threat for the long-term sustainability of the scientific and educational activity of ground-based astronomical observatories operating in the optical range. Huge investments in building, scientific and technical workforce, equipment and maintenance can be at risk if the increasing light pollution levels hinder the capability of carrying out the top-level scientific observations for which these key scientific infrastructures were built. In addition, light pollution has other negative consequences, as e.g. biodiversity endangering and the loss of the starry sky for recreational, touristic, and cultural enjoyment. The traditional light pollution mitigation approach is based on imposing conditions on the photometry of individual sources, but the aggregated effects of all sources in the territory surrounding the observatories are seldom addressed in the regulations. We propose that this approach shall be complemented with a top-down, inmission limits strategy, whereby clear limits are established to the admissible deterioration of the night sky above the observatories. We describe the general form of the indicators that can be employed to this end, and develop linear models relating their values to the artificial emissions across the territory. This approach can be extended to take into account for other protection needs, and it is expected to be useful for making informed decisions on public lighting, in the context of wider spatial planning projects.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
