Background: Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a widespread tool for exploration and denoising of electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals. In its most common formulation, ICA assumes that the signal matrix is a noiseless linear mixture of independent sources that are assumed non-Gaussian. A limitation is that it enforces to estimate as many sources as sensors or to rely on a detrimental PCA step.
Methods: We present the Spectral Matching ICA (SMICA) model. Signals are modelled as a linear mixing of independent sources corrupted by additive noise, where sources and the noise are stationary Gaussian time series. Thanks to the Gaussian assumption, the negative log-likelihood has a simple expression as a sum of divergences between the empirical spectral covariance matrices of the signals and those predicted by the model. The model parameters can then be estimated by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm.
Results: Experiments on phantom MEG datasets show that SMICA can recover dipole locations more precisely than usual ICA algorithms or Maxwell filtering when the dipole amplitude is low. Experiments on EEG datasets show that SMICA identifies a source subspace which contains sources that have less pairwise mutual information, and are better explained by the projection of a single dipole on the scalp.
Comparison with existing methods: Noiseless ICA models lead to degenerate likelihood when there are fewer sources than sensors, while SMICA succeeds without resorting to prior dimension reduction.
Conclusions: SMICA is a promising alternative to other noiseless ICA models based on non-Gaussian assumptions.
Functional brain imaging through electroencephalography (EEG) relies upon the analysis and interpretation of high-dimensional, spatially organized time series. We propose to represent time-localized frequency domain characterizations of EEG data as region-referenced functional data. This representation is coupled with a hierarchical modeling approach to multivariate functional observations. Within this familiar setting, we discuss how several prior models relate to structural assumptions about multivariate covariance operators. An overarching modeling framework, based on infinite factorial dec…
The University of Texas at San Antonio（德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）；University of California, San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校）
Electroencephalography (EEG) data are difficult to obtain due to complex experimental setups and reduced comfort with prolonged wearing. This poses challenges to train powerful deep learning model with the limited EEG data. Being able to generate EEG data computationally could address this limitation. We propose a novel Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) to synthesize EEG data. This network addresses several modeling challenges of simulating time-series EEG data including frequency artifacts and training instability. We further extended this network to a…
Inserm（法国国家健康与医学研究院）；Paris Diderot University（巴黎第七大学）；Lariboisière Hospital（拉里博瓦西耶医院）；Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris（巴黎公共援助医院）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）
Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (M/EEG) can reveal neuronal dynamics non-invasively in real-time and are therefore appreciated methods in medicine and neuroscience. Recent advances in modeling brain-behavior relationships have highlighted the effectiveness of Riemannian geometry for summarizing the spatially correlated time-series from M/EEG in terms of their covariance. However, after artefact-suppression, M/EEG data is often rank deficient which limits the application of Riemannian concepts. In this article, we focus on the task of regression with rank-reduced covariance ma…
We discuss Bayesian analysis of multivariate time series with dynamic factor models that exploit time-adaptive sparsity in model parametrizations via the latent threshold approach. One central focus is on the transfer responses of multiple interrelated series to underlying, dynamic latent factor processes. Structured priors on model hyper-parameters are key to the efficacy of dynamic latent thresholding, and MCMC-based computation enables model fitting and analysis. A detailed case study of electroencephalographic (EEG) data from experimental psychiatry highlights the use of latent threshold e…
In this paper, a new signal model is suggested for parametric representation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The proposed model which is an amplitude and frequency modulated sinusoidal signal model, has been found to capture the non-stationary characteristics of the EEG signal with good accuracy. When the EEG signal is considered for longer duration of time, the model parameters have turned to be time-variant.
This paper proposes a novel graph signal-based deep learning method for electroencephalography (EEG) and its application to EEG-based video identification. We present new methods to effectively represent EEG data as signals on graphs, and learn them using graph convolutional neural networks. Experimental results for video identification using EEG responses obtained while watching videos show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to existing methods. Effective schemes for graph signal representation of EEG are also discussed.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach for parametric modeling of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. It is demonstrated that the EEG signal is a mono-component non-stationary signal whose amplitude and phase (frequency) can be expressed as functions of time. We present detailed strategy for estimation of the parameters of the proposed model with high accuracy. Simulation study illustrates the procedure of model fitting. Some interpretation of the characteristic features of the model is described.
We present a new approach, that we call AdaGTCN, for identifying human reader intent from Electroencephalogram~(EEG) and Eye movement~(EM) data in order to help differentiate between normal reading and task-oriented reading. Understanding the physiological aspects of the reading process~(the cognitive load and the reading intent) can help improve the quality of crowd-sourced annotated data. Our method, Adaptive Graph Temporal Convolution Network (AdaGTCN), uses an Adaptive Graph Learning Layer and Deep Neighborhood Graph Convolution Layer for identifying the reading activities using time-locke…
Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a well-established method for data analysis which finds many applications in data mining. Its extension on complex data representation formats brought a wave of new applications to the problems such as gene expression mining, prediction of toxicity of chemical compounds or clustering of sequences in process event logs. Insipired from this work our research inherits their model and designs an experiment for mining electroencephalographic recordings for patterns of sleep spindles. The contribution of this paper lies in the specification of desritizition procedure…
Independent component analysis (ICA), is a blind source separation method that is becoming increasingly used to separate brain and non-brain related activities in electroencephalographic (EEG) and other electrophysiological recordings. It can be used to extract effective brain source activities and estimate their cortical source areas, and is commonly used in machine learning applications to classify EEG artifacts. Previously, we compared results of decomposing 13 71-channel scalp EEG datasets using 22 ICA and other blind source separation (BSS) algorithms. We are now making this framework ava…
We propose a generative model for single-channel EEG that incorporates the constraints experts actively enforce during visual scoring. The framework takes the form of a dynamic Bayesian network with depth in both the latent variables and the observation likelihoods-while the hidden variables control the durations, state transitions, and robustness, the observation architectures parameterize Normal-Gamma distributions. The resulting model allows for time series segmentation into local, reoccurring dynamical regimes by exploiting probabilistic models and deep learning. Unlike typical detectors, …
Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven technique to identify a low dimensional linear time invariant dynamics underlying high-dimensional data. For systems in which such underlying low-dimensional dynamics is time-varying, a time-invariant approximation of such dynamics computed through standard DMD techniques may not be appropriate. We focus on DMD techniques for such time-varying systems and develop incremental algorithms for systems without and with exogenous control inputs. We build upon the work in [35] to scenarios in which high dimensional data are governed by low dimensional…
EEG Foundation Models: A Critical Review of Current Progress and Future Directions
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities（计算机科学与工程系，明尼苏达大学双城分校）；Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（生物工程系，伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic（神经病学系，梅奥诊所）；Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities（神经病学系，明尼苏达大学双城分校）
BrainGPT: Unleashing the Potential of EEG Generalist Foundation Model by Autoregressive Pre-training
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）
Teager-Kaiser Energy Methods For EEG Feature Extraction In Biomedical Applications
National Technical University of Athens（雅典国立技术大学）；Institute of Robotics, Athena Research Center（阿瑞斯研究中心机器人研究所）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度马德拉斯理工学院）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are promising as alternatives to other biometrics owing to their protection against spoofing. Previous studies have focused on capturing individual variability by analyzing task/condition-specific EEG. This work attempts to model biometric signatures independent of task/condition by normalizing the associated variance. Toward this goal, the paper extends ideas from subspace-based text-independent speaker recognition and proposes novel modifications for modeling multi-channel EEG data. The proposed techniques assume that biometric information is present in t…
EEG-Language Pretraining for Highly Label-Efficient Clinical Phenotyping
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany（柏林查理医院医学大学精神病与心理治疗系）；Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health, University of Tübingen, Germany（图宾根大学健康人工智能研究所）
International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad（海得拉巴国际信息技术学院）；National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences（国家精神卫生与神经科学研究所）
Modeling effective representations using multiple views that positively influence each other is challenging, and the existing methods perform poorly on Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for sleep-staging tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view self-supervised method (mulEEG) for unsupervised EEG representation learning. Our method attempts to effectively utilize the complementary information available in multiple views to learn better representations. We introduce diverse loss that further encourages complementary information across multiple views. Our method with no access to lab…
School of ECE, National Technical University of Athens（雅典国家技术大学电气与计算机工程学院）
Emotion Recognition from EEG signals has long been researched as it can assist numerous medical and rehabilitative applications. However, their complex and noisy structure has proven to be a serious barrier for traditional modeling methods. In this paper, we employ multifractal analysis to examine the behavior of EEG signals in terms of presence of fluctuations and the degree of fragmentation along their major frequency bands, for the task of emotion recognition. In order to extract emotion-related features we utilize two novel algorithms for EEG analysis, based on Multiscale Fractal Dimension…
Swansea University（斯旺西大学）；University of Kent（肯特大学）
A novel instance-based method for the classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals is presented and evaluated in this paper. The non-stationary nature of the EEG signals, coupled with the demanding task of pattern recognition with limited training data as well as the potentially noisy signal acquisition conditions, have motivated the work reported in this study. The proposed adaptive template enhancement mechanism transforms the feature-level instances by treating each feature dimension separately, hence resulting in improved class separation and better query-class matching. The prop…
EOG Artifact Removal from Single and Multi-channel EEG Recordings through the combination of Long Short-Term Memory Networks and Independent Component Analysis
Sharif University of Technology（谢里夫理工大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；University Health Network（大学医疗网络）；Amirkabir University of Technology（阿米尔卡比尔理工大学）
A Knowledge-Driven Cross-view Contrastive Learning for EEG Representation
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine（北京中医药大学东方医院）
A Proof-of-Concept Study of Weakly Supervised Labeling of Fine-Grained EEG Components for Artifact Attenuation
Institute for Applied Computer Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich（慕尼黑联邦国防军大学应用计算机科学研究所）；brainboost GmbH（brainboost 有限公司）；Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka（大阪大学工学研究科）；Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo（东京大学新领域创成科学研究科）
A novel Fourier Adjacency Transformer for advanced EEG emotion recognition
Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology（昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院）；School of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University（西交利物浦大学人工智能与先进计算学院）
A controversial issue in artificial intelligence is human emotion recognition. This paper presents a fuzzy parallel cascades (FPC) model for predicting the continuous subjective appraisal of the emotional content of music by time-varying spectral content of EEG signals. The EEG, along with an emotional appraisal of 15 subjects, was recorded during listening to seven musical excerpts. The emotional appraisement was recorded along the valence and arousal emotional axes as a continuous signal. The FPC model was composed of parallel cascades with each cascade containing a fuzzy logic-based system.…
Neural Network Entropy (NNetEn): Entropy-Based EEG Signal and Chaotic Time Series Classification, Python Package for NNetEn Calculation
Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University（彼得罗扎沃茨克国立大学物理与技术学院）；Kuwait College of Science and Technology（科威特科学技术学院）；Vels Institute of Sciences, Technology, and Advanced Studies（维尔斯科学技术与高等研究院）；Damghan University（达姆甘大学）
Neural Brain Fields: A NeRF-Inspired Approach for Generating Nonexistent EEG Electrodes
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev（本·古里安大学内盖夫分校电子与计算机工程学院）；School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学计算机科学学院）
