A. Miyazaki, P. Spagnolo
A dark photon, one of the candidates of light dark matter, will be searched around 0.1 meV range by using a gyrotron. The use of a Transition Edge Sensor is the key of this experiment and the expected result is promising. This search will pave a way to future axion search using similar instruments.
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We propose a search for low mass dark matter particles through momentum recoils caused by their scattering from trapped, nm-scale objects. Our projections show that even with a modest array of fg-mass sensors, parameter-space beyond the reach of existing experiments can be explored. The case of smaller, ag-mass sensors is also analyzed - where dark matter can coherently scatter from the entire sensor - enabling a large enhancement in the scattering cross-section relative to interactions with single nuclei. Large arrays of such sensors have the potential to explore new parameter space down to d…
The search for dark matter has been performed mainly for weakly interacting massive particles and massive compact halo objects, and the intermediate mass region has not been investigated experimentally. A method to search dark matter with precision displacement sensors is suggested for this mass range. The search is performed by detecting a characteristic motion of a test mass when it is attracted by a dark matter particle through gravity. Two different types of displacement sensors are examined: optically levitated microspheres and laser interferometers for gravitational wave detection. The s…
We consider the use of quantum-limited mechanical force sensors to detect ultralight (sub-meV) dark matter candidates which are weakly coupled to the standard model. We show that mechanical sensors with masses around or below the milligram scale, operating around the standard quantum limit, would enable novel searches for dark matter with natural frequencies around the kHz scale. This would complement existing strategies based on torsion balances, atom interferometers, and atomic clock systems.
Dark Matter Searches with Levitated Sensors
本文探讨利用大质量悬浮光机械系统探测暗物质，提出通过光谱分析、互相关增强方向效应及量子叠加态测量稀有事件等方法。
Quantum Error Correction-like Noise Mitigation for Wave-like Dark Matter Searches with Quantum Sensors
提出一种类似量子纠错的噪声抑制协议，利用多个传感器抑制个体噪声，将暗物质信号灵敏度提升√N倍，并达到标准量子极限。
Eliminating Incoherent Noise: A Coherent Quantum Approach in Multi-Sensor Dark Matter Detection
本研究提出一种利用多量子传感器网络量子相干性的暗物质探测新方案，通过基矢变换操作消除非相干背景噪声，经解析与模拟验证，信号强度随传感器数平方增强、噪声仅线性增长，为下一代暗物质搜寻提供新路径。
Towards the Direct Detection of Composite Ultraheavy Dark Matter in Quantum Sensor Arrays
研究量子传感器阵列对通过引力和新型汤川力相互作用的复合超重暗物质的灵敏度，考虑三种密度分布并与点状极限对比，用蒙特卡洛分析获灵敏度预测，揭示相关因素的相互作用。
We develop formalisms for a network of vector sensors, sensitive to certain spatial components of the signals, to identify the properties of a light axion or a dark photon background. These bosonic fields contribute to vector-like signals in the detectors, including effective magnetic fields triggering the spin precession, effective electric currents in a shielded room, and forces on the matter. The interplay between a pair of vector sensors and a baseline that separates them can potentially uncover rich information of the bosons, including angular distribution, polarization modes, source loca…
Background Suppression in Quantum Sensing of Dark Matter via Collective Entangled-State Projection
本文提出利用集体激发态进行量子传感器投影以抑制非集体噪声，提升探测灵敏度，方法无需维持纠缠态寿命，适用于多种量子比特传感器。
Results are reported from a search for a class of composite dark matter models with feeble, long-range interactions with normal matter. We search for impulses arising from passing dark matter particles by monitoring the mechanical motion of an optically levitated nanogram mass over the course of several days. Assuming such particles constitute the dominant component of dark matter, this search places upper limits on their interaction with neutrons of $α_n \leq 1.2 \times 10^{-7}$ at 95\% confidence for dark matter masses between 1--10 TeV and mediator masses $m_ϕ\leq 0.1$ eV. Due to the large …
First direct search for light dark matter interactions in a transition-edge sensor
利用过渡边缘传感器(TES)作为靶和传感器，通过489小时科学运行，对亚MeV暗物质与电子和核子的相互作用设定了新限制。
Radiation effects on scientific CMOS sensors for X-ray astronomy: I. proton irradiation
本文通过50 MeV质子辐照实验研究两款科学CMOS传感器在X射线天文学应用中的辐射耐受性，发现低温下性能稳定、暗电流虽大幅增加但可通过缩短积分时间和像素掩蔽缓解，证明其适用于未来X射线天文任务。
An ultra-sensitive opto-mechanical force sensor has been built and tested in the optics laboratory at INFN Trieste. Its application to experiments in the Dark Energy sector, such as those for Chameleon-type WISPs, is particularly attractive, as it enables a search for their direct coupling to matter. We present here the main characteristics and the absolute force calibration of the KWISP (Kinetic WISP detection) sensor. It is based on a thin Si3N4 micro-membrane placed inside a Fabry-Perot optical cavity. By monitoring the cavity characteristic frequencies it is possible to detect the tiny mem…
Dark counts in optical superconducting transition-edge sensors for rare-event searches
本文针对光学超导转变边传感器，全面表征本底并自动分类事件，首次验证高能事件来源，最终在0.8-3.2 eV能区实现3.6×10^-4 Hz的创纪录低类光子暗计数率，服务于暗物质暗光子搜寻。
Directional search for light dark matter with quantum sensors
本文提出利用量子传感器提取暗物质风速度和方向信息的新方法，无需特定实验装置，提升暗物质探测灵敏度。
Mechanical Sensors for Ultraheavy Dark Matter Searches via Long-range Forces
本研究探索利用机械传感器搜索普朗克尺度超重暗物质，提出统计轨迹寻找方法，并计算灵敏度，发现纯引力搜索极难，但现有平台可覆盖多种未探索候选体。
The only coupling dark matter is guaranteed to have with the standard model is through gravity. Here we propose a concept for direct dark matter detection using only this gravitational coupling. We suggest that an array of quantum-limited mechanical impulse sensors may be capable of detecting the correlated gravitational force created by a passing dark matter particle. We consider the effects of irreducible noise from couplings of the sensors to the environment and noise due to the quantum measurement process. We show that the signal from Planck-scale dark matter is in principle detectable usi…
Light Dark Matter Detection with Sub-eV Transition-Edge Sensors
本研究将高分辨率亚eV跃迁边缘传感器（TESs）作为轻暗物质探测的量子传感平台，通过建模与灵敏度评估，证实其纳克-月级曝光即可触及未被探索的暗物质散射参数空间，为稀有事件搜寻提供新方案。
In recent years, theoretical and experimental interest in dark matter (DM) candidates have shifted focus from primarily Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) to an entire suite of candidates with masses from the zeV-scale to the PeV-scale to 30 solar masses. One particular recent development has been searches for light dark matter (LDM), which is typically defined as candidates with masses in the range of keV to GeV. In searches for LDM, eV-scale and below detector thresholds are needed to detect the small amount of kinetic energy that is imparted to nuclei in a recoil. One such detecto…
Dark Matter particles are commonly assumed to be weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with a mass in the GeV to TeV range. However, recent interest has shifted towards lighter WIMPs, which are more difficult to probe experimentally. A detection of sub-GeV WIMPs would require the use of small gap materials in sensors. Using recent estimates of the WIMP mass, we identify the relevant target space towards small gap materials (100-10 meV). Dirac Materials, a class of small- or zero-gap materials, emerge as natural candidates for sensors for Dark Matter detection. We propose the use of info…
Search for Dark Matter Scattering from Optically Levitated Nanoparticles
利用光学悬浮纳米颗粒传感器探测暗物质散射，限制了暗物质与中子耦合强度的上限。
Search of High-Frequency Variations of Fundamental Constants Using Spin-based Quantum Sensors
提出利用自旋量子传感器探测基本常数随时间变化的新方法，拓宽可搜索频率范围并对标量暗物质给出约束。
Large-scale underground water-Cherenkov neutrino observatories rely on single photon sensors whose sensitive area for Cherenkov photons one wants to maximise. Low dark noise rates and dense module spacing will thereby allow to substantially decrease the energy threshold in future projects. We describe a feasibility study of a novel type of single photon sensor that employs organic wavelength-shifting material (WLS) to capture Cherenkov photons and guide them to a PMT readout. Different WLS materials have been tested in lab measurements as candidates for use in such a sensor and photon capture …
Halo-Independent Quantum Sensor Probes of Low-Velocity Dark Matter
提出一种无晕模型依赖的框架，利用亚电子伏能量阈值的量子传感器探测亚GeV暗物质，通过分解事件率为探测器响应函数和通用晕函数，可重构局部暗物质速度分布。
The mass of axion dark matter is only weakly bounded by cosmological observations, necessitating a variety of detection techniques over several orders of magnitude of mass ranges. Axions haloscopes based on resonant cavities have become the current standard to search for dark matter axions. Such structures are inherently narrowband and for low masses the volume of the required cavity becomes prohibitively large. Broadband low-mass detectors have already been proposed using inductive magnetometer sensors and a gapped toroidal solenoid magnet. In this work we propose an alternative, which uses e…
Dark matter searches with a 13 meV threshold superconducting sensor array
该研究利用13毫电子伏特阈值超导传感器阵列进行暗物质搜索，通过特定实验设计建立数据驱动背景模型，给出了隐藏光子动力学混合参数$\chi$的最强约束，首次给出暗物质与核及电子散射地面限制，还为未来相关研究提供可能。
Probing Light Particles With Optically Trapped Sensors Through Nucleon Scattering
提出利用光悬浮纳米球通过核子散射探测轻粒子的方法，200 nm阵列可探测约10 keV的ALPs和赝标暗物质，15 nm小球凭借相干性增强可探测低至O(100) eV的暗物质。
Quantum Sensing Radiative Decays of Neutrinos and Dark Matter Particles
本研究提出利用超导transmon量子比特等量子器件的极端灵敏度探测极弱相互作用粒子的辐射衰变，评估其在宇宙中微子背景和双组分暗物质场景下的响应，发现现有技术可探测暗物质候选者衰变，探测中微子磁矩需更先进量子架构。
We show that gravitational wave detectors based on a type of atom interferometry are sensitive to ultralight scalar dark matter. Such dark matter can cause temporal oscillations in fundamental constants with a frequency set by the dark matter mass, and amplitude determined by the local dark matter density. The result is a modulation of atomic transition energies. This signal is ideally suited to a type of gravitational wave detector that compares two spatially separated atom interferometers referenced by a common laser. Such a detector can improve on current searches for electron-mass or elect…
Quantum Enhancement in Dark Matter Detection with Quantum Computation
本文提出一种利用量子干涉和量子电路操控量子比特的方法，使暗物质探测信号率随传感器数量呈平方增长，且对退相干噪声具有容错性，显著提升了基于量子比特的暗物质探测性能。
Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics
本文总结2023年量子传感器研讨会成果，梳理量子信息科学技术如何支撑未来高能物理实验探测弱耦合现象及低能、低功率信号。
Symmetric Dicke States as Optimal Probes for Wave-Like Dark Matter
利用对称迪克态作为最优探针，实现对波状暗物质场的高灵敏度分布式传感，具有N²增强和抗退相干能力。
We introduce the Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection (BREAD) conceptual design and science program. This haloscope plans to search for bosonic dark matter across the [10$^{-3}$, 1] eV ([0.24, 240] THz) mass range. BREAD proposes a cylindrical metal barrel to convert dark matter into photons, which a novel parabolic reflector design focuses onto a photosensor. This unique geometry enables enclosure in standard cryostats and high-field solenoids, overcoming limitations of current dish antennas. A pilot 0.7 m$^{2}$ barrel experiment planned at Fermilab is projected to surpass exist…
Binary Classification of Light and Dark Time Traces of a Transition Edge Sensor Using Convolutional Neural Networks
利用CNN对TES时间迹进行二分类以提高能量分辨率，发现其效果有限，建议采用回归模型或自编码器改进背景抑制。
Searching for Ultralight Dark Matter with MOLeQuTE: a Massive Optically Levitated Quantum Tabletop Experiment
本文提出了一种光学捕获传感器，用于探测超轻暗物质的振荡力，通过优化量子噪声实现高灵敏度检测。
Radiation hardness characterization of SiPM sensors for Low Earth Orbit space missions
本研究表征了FBK和Hamamatsu SiPM在总电离剂量和质子辐照下的辐射硬度，确认其适用于低地球轨道任务环境。
Maglev for Dark Matter: Dark-photon and axion dark matter sensing with levitated superconductors
本文提出利用磁悬浮超导体作为机械谐振器，通过电磁耦合探测暗光子和轴子暗物质，在Hz至kHz频率范围内实现领先的实验室灵敏度。
Dark matter is five times more abundant than ordinary visible matter in our Universe. While laboratory searches hunting for dark matter have traditionally focused on the electroweak scale, theories of low mass hidden sectors motivate new detection techniques. Extending these searches to lower mass ranges, well below 1 GeV/c$^2$, poses new challenges as rare interactions with standard model matter transfer progressively less energy to electrons and nuclei in detectors. Here, we propose an approach based on phonon-assisted quantum evaporation combined with quantum sensors for detection of desorp…
Search for QCD axion dark matter with transmon qubits and quantum circuit
本文提出利用超导转子量子比特作为量子传感器直接探测轴子暗物质，通过外部磁场激发量子比特并分析信号，结合谐振腔和纠缠量子传感器增强信号，实现QCD轴子模型参数区域。
Intensity interferometry for ultralight bosonic dark matter detection
本文提出利用类Hanbury Brown-Twiss强度干涉测量法探测超轻玻色子暗物质，通过传感器网络互相关测量其近零频随机强度涨落，实现宽带搜寻并覆盖实验未探索的参数空间。
Why would you put a flashlight in a dark matter detector?
本文测量了全SiPM双相液氙时间投影室中的外部串扰效应，评估其对未来氙暗物质实验的影响并提出可能的解决方案。
Superconducting nanowires, a mature technology originally developed for quantum sensing, can be used as a target and sensor with which to search for dark matter interactions with electrons. Here we report on a 180-hour measurement of a tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire device with a mass of 4.3 nanograms. We use this to place new constraints on dark matter--electron interactions, including the strongest terrestrial constraints to date on sub-MeV (sub-eV) dark matter that interacts with electrons via scattering (absorption) processes.
In recent years, the sensitivity of opto-mechanical force sensors has improved leading to increased interest in using these devices as particle detectors. In this study we consider scenarios where dark matter with mass close to the Planck scale may be probed by a large array of opto-mechanical accelerometers. We motivate a macroscopic mechanical search for ultra-heavy dark matter, exemplified by the efforts of the Windchime collaboration, by providing a survey of the model space that would be visible to such a search. We consider two classes of models, one that invokes a new long-range unscree…
We propose the use of superconducting nanowires as both target and sensor for direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter. With excellent sensitivity to small energy deposits on electrons, and demonstrated low dark counts, such devices could be used to probe electron recoils from dark matter scattering and absorption processes. We demonstrate the feasibility of this idea using measurements of an existing fabricated tungsten-silicide nanowire prototype with 0.8 eV energy threshold and 4.3 nanograms with 10 thousand seconds of exposure, which showed no dark counts. The results from this device alrea…
Investigation of the burst phenomenon in SiPMs at liquid nitrogen temperature
本文研究硅光电倍增管在液氮温度下的爆发现象，将其归因于陷阱中心受电离辐射激发产生的发光，并探讨了触发爆发的外部与内部机制。
Superconducting Microwave Detector Technology for Ultra-Light Dark Matter Haloscopes and other Fundamental Physics Experiments: Device Physics (Part II)
本文比较了用于腔轴子寻波计等基础物理实验的超导探测器技术，提出在约30 mK下运行、配置弹道声子热隔离的TES可实现5 GHz以上量子极限探测，从而实现基于TES的集成零差探测器，为量子基态微波腔读出实验做出独特贡献。
The Superconducting Quasiparticle-Amplifying Transmon: A Qubit-Based Sensor for meV Scale Phonons and Single THz Photons
提出基于 transmon 量子比特架构结合超导准粒子放大级的新型传感器 SQUATs，预测其固态探测器可实现对单 THz 光子及 meV 尺度声子的高灵敏度探测。
Quantum entanglement of ions for light dark matter detection
本文提出利用保罗离子阱中离子振动模式构成的量子比特探测 neV 量级轻暗物质诱导的微弱电场，并证明 N 离子纠缠可将激发率提升 N^2 倍，从而将轴子-光子耦合和规范动能混合的探测灵敏度推进到全新参数空间。
Large mass single-electron-resolution solid state detectors are desirable to search for low mass dark matter candidates and to measure coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS). Here, we present results from a novel 100 g phonon-mediated Si detector with a new interface architecture. This detector gives a baseline resolution of $\sim 1 e^{-}/h^{+}$ pair and a leakage current on the order of $10^{-16}$ A. This was achieved by removing the direct electrical contact between the Si crystal and the metallic electrode, and by increasing the phonon absorption efficiency of the sensors. T…
Signatures and Detection Prospects for sub-GeV Dark Matter with Superfluid Helium
本研究探索超流氦用于亚GeV暗物质直接探测的可能，建立相关过程分析框架以确定准粒子通量，提出用NEMS振荡器等力敏器件探测的新方法并给出灵敏度预期。
DarkSHINE: Search for Light Dark Matter at the SHINE Facility in Shanghai
DarkSHINE实验利用上海SHINE设施的高能电子束，通过暗光子不可见衰变探测轻暗物质，其探测器设计和模拟表明可排除主流暗光子模型的敏感区域。
Dark graviton sensing with magnetically levitated superconductors
研究磁悬浮超导体对暗重子场的响应，探讨其在dHz至kHz频率范围内检测暗物质的可能性，发现物质耦合灵敏度不足，但电磁耦合在低频下可能成为灵敏探测暗重子与电磁力耦合的实验室工具。
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