长寿命LoRa：延长LoRa网络的寿命
Long-Lived LoRa: Prolonging the Lifetime of a LoRa Network
摘要：
延长网络寿命是许多物联网应用中的主要考虑因素。在本文中，我们研究了最大化能量收集LoRa网络的网络生命周期。这样的网络的特点是异构充电能力的节点，没有考虑在现有的工作。我们提出了一个链路层协议，以实现一个长寿命的LoRa网络，动态地使电池耗尽的节点，让耗尽节点卸载其数据包富裕的节点，以利用多余的能量与富裕的电池相邻节点。通过利用LoRa调整多个传输参数的能力，我们通过耗尽节点而不是高成本的直接转发来实现低成本的卸载。这种卸载需要唤醒待用时间以及两个节点之间的传输参数的同步，这也需要动态地选择。该协议解决了这些挑战，并通过三种新技术延长了LoRa网络的生命周期。(1)我们提出了一个轻量级的媒体访问控制协议，对等通信，使数据包卸载，从而规避了两个节点之间的同步开销。(2)我们提出了一个直观的探试法有效的参数选择不同的模式（传统与卸载）。(3)我们分析了能量开销的卸载，并在此基础上，该协议动态选择富裕和耗尽节点，同时确保富裕的节点不会被耗尽的。NS-3仿真和真实实验表明，与传统LoRa网络相比，该协议在保持相同吞吐量的情况下，可以将网络寿命提高$4$倍。
英文摘要：
Prolonging the network lifetime is a major consideration in many Internet of Things applications. In this paper, we study maximizing the network lifetime of an energy-harvesting LoRa network. Such a network is characterized by heterogeneous recharging capabilities across the nodes that is not taken into account in existing work. We propose a link-layer protocol to achieve a long-lived LoRa network which dynamically enables the nodes with depleting batteries to exploit the superfluous energy of the neighboring nodes with affluent batteries by letting a depleting node offload its packets to an affluent node. By exploiting the LoRa's capability of adjusting multiple transmission parameters, we enable low-cost offloading by depleting nodes instead of high-cost direct forwarding. Such offloading requires synchronization of wake-up times as well as transmission parameters between the two nodes which also need to be selected dynamically. The proposed protocol addresses these challenges and prolongs the lifetime of a LoRa network through three novel techniques. (1) We propose a lightweight medium access control protocol for peer-to-peer communication to enable packet offloading which circumvents the synchronization overhead between the two nodes. (2) We propose an intuitive heuristic method for effective parameter selections for different modes (conventional vs. offloading). (3) We analyze the energy overhead of offloading and, based on it, the protocol dynamically selects affluent and depleting nodes while ensuring that an affluent node is not overwhelmed by the depleting ones. Simulations in NS-3 as well as real experiments show that our protocol can increase the network lifetime up to $4$ times while maintaining the same throughput compared to traditional LoRa network.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
