Using a multi-field stochastic approach, we investigate the vacuum expectation value (VEV) during inflation of a scalar field charged under a mildly broken global $U(1)$ symmetry that can play the role of baryon or lepton number, or possibly a dark baryon number or a combination of the three. Even for a CP invariant Lagrangian, the stochastic distribution of inflationary VEVs in general breaks CP spontaneously, allowing for successful baryogenesis via the Affleck-Dine mechanism. For the Hubble scale during inflation $H_\ast$ as high as $10^{13}$ GeV, we show that the post-inflationary relaxation of the charged scalar with stochastic initial conditions can explain the observed baryon asymmetry, and that a charged scalar mass at the order of $H_\ast$ is favored by the isocurvature constraints.
We propose a new scenario of Affleck-Dine baryogenesis where a flat direction in the MSSM generates B-L asymmetry just after the end of inflation. The resulting amount of baryon asymmetry is independent of low-energy supersymmetric models but is dependent on inflation models. We consider the hybrid and chaotic inflation models and find that reheating temperature is required to be higher than that in the conventional scenario of Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. In particular, non-thermal gravitino-overproduction problem is naturally avoided in the hybrid inflation model. Our results imply that Afflec…
We calculate the baryon asymmetry value generated in the Scalar Field Condensate (SCF) baryogenesis model obtained in several inflationary scenarios and different reheating models. We provide analysis of the baryon asymmetry value obtained for more than 70 sets of parameters of the SCF model and the following inflationary scenarios, namely: new inflation, chaotic inflation, Starobinsky inflation, MSSM inflation, quintessential inflation. We considered both cases of efficient thermalization after inflation and also delayed thermalization. We have found that SFC baryogenesis model produces baryo…
These lectures, presented at TASI 2018, provide a concise introduction to inflation, baryogenesis, and aspects of dark matter not covered by the other lectures. The emphasis for inflation is an intuitive understanding and techniques for constraining inflationary models. For baryogenesis we focus on two examples, leptogenesis and electroweak baryogenesis, with attention to singlet-assisted two-step phase transitions. Concerning dark matter, we review different classes of models distinguished by their mechanisms for obtaining the observed relic density, including thermal freeze-out, asymmetric d…
We investigate the scenario that one flat direction creates baryon asymmetry of the unverse, while Q balls from another direction can be the dark matter in the gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking for high-scale inflation. Isocurvature fluctuations are suppressed by the fact that the Affleck-Dine field stays at around the Planck scale during inflation. We find that the dark matter Q balls can be detected in IceCube-like experiments in the future.
We investigate the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis after D-term inflation with a positive Hubble-induced mass term for a B-L flat direction. It stays at a large field value during D-term inflation, and just after inflation ends it starts to oscillate around the origin of the potential due to the positive Hubble-induced mass term. The phase direction is kicked by higher-dimensional Kahler potentials to generate the B-L asymmetry. The scenario predicts nonzero baryonic isocurvature perturbations, which would be detected by future observations of CMB fluctuations. We also provide a D-term inflation mod…
We propose a variant scenario of spontaneous baryogenesis from asymmetric inflaton based on current-current interactions between the inflaton and matter fields with a non-zero B-L charge. When the inflaton starts to oscillate around the minimum after inflation, it may lead to excitation of a CP-odd component, which induces an effective chemical potential for the B-L number through the current-current interactions. We study concrete inflation models and show that the spontaneous baryogenesis scenario can be naturally implemented in the chaotic inflation in supergravity.
We consider a possibility that one of the flat directions in the minimal supersymmetric standard model plays the role of the inflaton field and realizes large-field inflation. This is achieved by introducing a generalized shift symmetry on the flat direction, which enables us to control the inflaton potential over large field values. After inflation, higher order terms allowed by the generalized shift symmetry automatically cause a helical motion of the field to create the baryon number of the universe, while baryonic isocurvature fluctuations are suppressed.
String theory generically predicts the coupling between the Affleck-Dine field and axion field through higher-dimensional operators. We thus explore the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis on an axion background. It turns out that the axion oscillation produces an enough amount of baryon asymmetry of the Universe just after the inflation, even without a soft supersymmetry-breaking $A$-term. This baryogenesis scenario is applicable to the string axion inflation.
Thermal inflation is an attractive idea to dilute cosmic density of unwanted particles such as moduli fields which cause cosmological difficulties. However, it also dilutes preexisting baryon asymmetry and some viable baryogenesis is necessary for a cosmologically consistent scenario. We investigate whether the Affleck-Dine mechanism can produce baryon asymmetry enough to survive after the dilution in gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models. Flat directions except for $LH_u$ flat direction cannot provide such huge baryon number because of Q-ball formation. We show that although the $LH_u$ flat dir…
We argue that inflationary dynamics may support a scenario where significant matter-antimatter asymmetry is generated from initially small-scale quantum fluctuations that are subsequently stretched out over large scales. This scenario can be realised in extensions of the Standard Model with an extra gauge symmetry having mixed anomalies with the electroweak gauge symmetry. Inflationary baryogenesis in a model with gauged baryon number is considered in detail.
In this paper, we consider a scenario of spontaneous baryogenesis in a framework of warm quintessential inflation where the residual inflaton field, left out after warm inflation, plays the role of quintessence field at late times and is coupled to a non-conserved baryonic current. Assuming a four fermion $(B-L)$ violating effective interaction, we have demonstrated that the required baryon asymmetry can be produced successfully in this case. We show that the post-inflationary evolution, with the underlying scalar field potential, $V(ϕ)=V^4_0 \exp{(-αϕ^n/M_{\rm Pl}^4 ) }$, $n>1$ well suited to…
The coupling of an axion-like particle driving inflation to the Standard Model particle content through a Chern-Simons term generically sources a dual production of massless helical gauge fields and chiral fermions. We demonstrate that the interplay of these two components results in a highly predictive baryogenesis model, which requires no further ingredients beyond the Standard Model. If the helicity stored in the hyper magnetic field and the effective chemical potential induced by the chiral fermion production are large enough to avoid magnetic diffusion from the thermal plasma but small en…
Explaining baryon asymmetry, dark matter and inflation are important elements of a successful theory that extends beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. In this paper we explore these issues within the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), by studying the conditions for a strongly first order electroweak phase transition, the abundance of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), and inflation driven by a gauge invariant flat direction of MSSM made up of right handed squarks. We present the regions of parameter space which can yield successful predictions for cosmic …
In this paper, we investigate the parameter space in the framework of hilltop supernatural inflation in which the inflaton field can play the role of Affleck-Dine field to produce successful baryogenesis. The suitable value of reheating temperature could coincide with the reheating temperature required to produce lightest supersymmetric particle dark matter. The baryon isocurvature perturbation is shown to be negligible. We consider $p=3$, $p=4$, and $p=6$ type III hilltop inflation and discuss how to connect the models to supersymmetric theories.
We propose a scenario of brane cosmology in which the Peccei-Quinn field plays the role of the inflaton and solves simultaneously many cosmological and phenomenological issues such as the generation of a heavy Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrinos needed for seesaw mechanism, MSSM $μ$-parameter, the right amount of baryon number asymmetry and dark matter relic density at the present universe, together with an axion solution to the strong CP problem without the domain wall obstacle. Interestingly, the scales of the soft SUSY-breaking mass parameter and that of the breaking of $U(1)_{\rm …
The discovery of the primordial B-mode polarisation by the BICEP2 experiment indicates inflation with a relatively high energy scale. Taking this indication into account, we propose consistent scenarios to account for the observed baryon and dark matter densities in gravity and gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models. The baryon asymmetry is explained by the Afflck-Dine mechanism, which requires relatively low reheating temperature to avoid a sizable baryonic isocurvature perturbation. The low reheating temperature then requires non-thermal production of dark matter to account for the cor…
Constructing models of inflation and/or baryogenesis in the context of N=1 supergravity is known to be difficult as the finite energy density during inflation typically generates large (order the Hubble scale) mass terms. This is the well-known eta problem in inflation. The same effect gives masses along low energy flat directions of the scalar potential thus potentially preventing Affleck-Dine baryogenesis to occur. It has been shown that adding a chiral multiplet S coupled to the inflaton (with a shift symmetry) can serve to stabilize the inflationary potential and allows one to derive simpl…
We examined the possibility of spontaneous baryogenesis driven by the inflaton in the scenario of \textit{spiral inflation}, and found the parametric dependence of the late-time baryon number asymmetry. As a result, it is shown that, depending on the effective coupling of baryon/lepton number violating operators, it is possible to obtain the right amount of asymmetry even in the presence of a matter-domination era as long as such era is relatively short. In a part of the parameter space, the required expansion rate during inflation is close to the current upper-bound, and hence can be probed i…
We show that both the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and the dark matter abundance can be explained within a single framework that makes use of maximally helical hypermagnetic fields produced during pseudoscalar inflation and the chiral anomaly in the Standard Model. We consider a minimal asymmetric dark matter model free from anomalies and constraints. We find that the observed baryon and the dark matter abundances are achieved for a wide range of inflationary parameters, and the dark matter mass ranges between 7-15 GeV. The novelty of our mechanism stems from the fact that the same source …
A decade ago, the first leptogenesis model based on inflation was proposed, where the complex phase of the inflaton field carries lepton number. If the inflaton field is an axion, it can couple to gravitational waves and gauge fields via. Chern-Simons invariants. Due to these couplings, birefringent gravitational and gauge primordial perturbations are created during inflation to generate a lepton asymmetry, establishing a possible connection between non-vanishing TB-parity violating polarization cross-correlations and leptogenesis. We also discuss the prospect for a subset of these models can …
The ultra-slow-roll (USR) inflation represents a class of single-field models with sharp deceleration of the rolling dynamics on small scales, leading to a significantly enhanced power spectrum of the curvature perturbations and primordial black hole (PBH) formation. Such a sharp transition of the inflationary background can trigger the coherent motion of scalar condensates with effective potentials governed by the rolling rate of the inflaton field. We show that a scalar condensate carrying (a combination of) baryon or lepton number can achieve successful baryogenesis through the Affleck-Dine…
The baryon asymmetry of the Universe should have been produced after the inflation era. We consider the possibility that the asymmetry is generated by the flavor oscillations in the reheating process after inflation, so that the baryon asymmetry is realized already at the beginning of the radiation dominated era. In the seesaw model, we show that the propagators of the left-handed leptons generically have flavor mixings in the thermal background, that can generate flavor-dependent lepton asymmetry through the $CP$ violation in the oscillation phenomena. The flavor dependent rates for the wash-…
The gravitational baryogensis may not generate a sufficient baryon asymmetry in the standard thermal history of the Universe when we take into account the gravitino problem. Hence it has been suggested that anisotropy of the Universe can enhance the generation of the baryon asymmetry through the increase of the time change of the Ricci scalar curvature. We study the gravitational baryogenesis in the presence of anisotropy, which is produced at the end of an anisotropic inflation. Although we confirm that the generated baryon asymmetry is enhanced compared with the original isotropic cosmologic…
Motivated by BICEP2 results that imply gravitational waves are produced when the universe has an expansion energy of about $Mc^2 \approx 10^{14}$ GeV and that a natural extension to the Standard Model of Particle physics is a right-handed neutrino that would or could be at $m_{ν_R}c^2 \approx 10^{14}$ GeV, I propose here a See-Saw Inflation model which fits into the general class of models we have dubbed "Wiggly Whipped Inflation"\cite{Hazra:2014WWI}. The residual heavy right-handed neutrinos work out to be Dark Matter in reasonable physical scenarios. The same scalar boson that stabilises the…
It is quite possible that the reheat temperature of the universe is extremely low close to the scale of Big Bang nucleosynthesis, i.e. $T_{R}\sim 1-10$ MeV. At such low reheat temperatures generating matter anti-matter asymmetry and synthesizing dark matter particles are challenging issues which need to be addressed within a framework of beyond the Standard Model physics. In this paper we point out that a successful cosmology can emerge naturally provided the R-parity violating interactions are responsible for the excess in baryons over anti-baryons and at the same time they can explain the lo…
We show that a baryon asymmetry can be generated by dissipative effects during warm inflation via a supersymmetric two-stage mechanism, where the inflaton is coupled to heavy mediator fields that then decay into light species through B- and CP-violating interactions. In contrast with thermal GUT baryogenesis models, the temperature during inflation is always below the heavy mass threshold, simultaneously suppressing thermal and quantum corrections to the inflaton potential and the production of dangerous GUT relics. This naturally gives a small baryon asymmetry close to the observed value, alt…
We introduce the novel phenomena of CP-violating inflation in the frameworks of a 3-Higgs doublet model where the inflaton doublets have a non-minimal coupling to gravity. We allow for this coupling to be complex, thereby introducing CP-violation - a necessary source of the baryon asymmetry - in the inflaton couplings. We investigate the inflationary dynamics of such a framework and the inflaton decay in the reheating phase. We discuss how the CP-violation of the model is imprinted on the particle asymmetries.
Recently we extended the standard model by four TeV-scale fields including a singlet fermion, an isotriplet and two isosinglet diquark scalars to generate the cosmological baryon asymmetry with an observable neutron-antineutron oscillation. We now supersymmetrize our model but do not constrain it at the TeV scale. The superpartner of the singlet fermion can serve as an inflaton field. Its three-body decays, mediated by the isosinglet diquarks and their superpartners, can simultaneously provide a low reheating temperature and a sizable CP asymmetry. We thus can realize a nonthermal baryogenesis…
There are many flat directions in SUSY models, which may dissipate their energy and source the radiation background during inflation. However, the only possibility that has been studied in this direction is warm inflation, which uses "warm" (or "dissipative" if we consider more modest situation) direction as the inflaton. In this talk we discuss other significant possibilities of such directions which are dissipative and may or may not be "warm". Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism and other cosmological scenarios are discussed in the light of "dissipative field", instead of using the conventional lig…
We explore the possibility of baryogenesis in the framework of quintessential inflation. We focus on the model independent features of the underlying paradigm and demonstrate that the required baryon asymmetry can successfully be generated in this scenario. To this effect, we use the effective field theory framework with desired terms in the Lagrangian necessary to mimic baryon number violation \textit{à la} spontaneous baryogenesis which can successfully evade Sakharov's requirement allowing us to generate the observed baryon asymmetry in the equilibrium process. Our estimates are independent…
It is shown that, in the context of split supersymmetry, a simple model with a single complex scalar field can produce chaotic inflation and generate the observed amount of baryon asymmetry via the Affleck-Dine mechanism. While the inflaton quantum fluctuations give rise to curvature perturbation, we show that quantum fluctuations of the phase of the scalar field can produce baryonic isocurvature perturbation. Combining with constraints from WMAP data, all parameters in the model can be determined to within a narrow range.
We present a unified theory of inflation, neutrino mass, baryogenesis and dark matter where global lepton number symmetry and its breaking play a crucial role. The basic idea is to use a lepton number carrying complex scalar field as the inflaton as well as the field that implements Affleck-Dine (AD) leptogenesis. Dark matter is the massive majoron which is a pseudo-Goldstone boson, resulting from the spontaneous breaking of lepton number symmetry supplemented by explicit lepton number violation needed to implement AD leptogenesis. The magnitude of the resulting $n_B/s$ in the model is related…
