The presence of large-mass resonances in the data collected at the Large Hadron Collider would provide direct evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. A key challenge in current resonance searches at the LHC is the modelling of signal--background interference effects, which can severely distort the shape of the reconstructed invariant mass distribution relative to the case where there is no interference. Such effects are strongly dependent on the beyond the Standard Model theory that must be considered as unknown if one aims to minimise any theoretical bias on the search results. In this paper, we describe a procedure which employs a physically-motivated, model-independent template functional form that can be used to model interference effects, both for the characterisation of positive discoveries, and in the presentation of null results. We illustrate the approach with the example of a scalar resonance decaying into a pair of photons.
In this paper we study the possible searches at colliders using Vector Boson Fusion topology in the context of Simplified Models signatures. We examine the possible physics reach of these searches with regard to monojet-type searches, and determine how these two signatures are complementary.
We present here the results for Higgs and Supersymmetry prospective searches at the Large Hadron Collider. We show that for one year at high luminosity, Standard Model and MSSM Higgs should be observed within the theoretically expected mass range. MSUGRA and restricted phenomenological MSSM searches lead to discovery of up to 2.5 TeV squarks and gluinos.
In this talk, I discuss some aspects of Higgs searches at future colliders, particularly comparing and contrasting the capabilities of LHC and Next Linear Collider (NLC), including the aspects of Higgs searches in supersymmetric theories. After this, I will discuss how the search and study of sparticles other than the Higgs can give information about the parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM).
We study the Electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism with extra Electroweak symmetry breaking contributions (eEWSB) that are bounded by the Fermi constant and limits from the related collider searches. The eEWSB is helpful to build a different zero temperature vacuum structure from the Standard Model (SM), and therefore leads to different Electroweak phase transition patterns at the early Universe. We investigate the collider search prospects and gravitational waves (GW) predictions from the strongly firstly order phase transition (SFOEWPT) in this scenario. The Higgs pair searches at lepton c…
We examine the utility of employing polarized lepton (electron and muon) beams to perform indirect searches for scalar leptoquarks. We find that polarization can extend the reach in excluding leptoquark masses for both $e^+e^-$ and $μ^+μ^-$ machines. Polarization can also provide a diagnostic tool for determining leptoquark couplings.
I review recent developments in extensions of the Standard Model that address the question of electroweak symmetry breaking and discuss how these theories can be tested at future colliders.
Many types of new physics can lead to contact interaction-like modifications in $e^+e^-$ processes below direct production threshold. This report summarizes a survey of contact interaction search reaches at the Linear Collider as functions of energy, luminosity and positron polarization. The various tradeoffs between these quantities in such searches are examined in detail.
We present here the summary of the "Electroweak and Searches in DIS and Hadron Colliders" working group activities at the DIS 2010 conference. The theory contributions will be presented first, followed by the experimental ones. The experimental results include measurements from the Tevatron (CDF and \DO) and HERA (H1 and ZEUS) experiments, and studies from the LHC (ATLAS and CMS). Results from the B-factories (BaBar and Belle) and from NA62 are also summarised.
The LHC / LC Study Group investigates how analyses at the LHC could profit from results obtained at a future Linear Collider and vice versa, leading to mutual benefits for the physics program at both machines. Some examples of results obtained within this working group so far concerning searches for new physics are briefly summarised.
We give a brief overview of searches at TeV e^+e^- colliders for new particles that arise in models with extended gauge sectors. We concentrate on some recent developments in $W'$ searches and on leptoquark searches. We also briefly mention $Z'$ searches.
We study the potential of neutralino dark matter searches and SUSY particle production at colliders in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We show the effects of a non universal gluino mass parameter. The future experiments will be a stringent probe of the low energy MSSM and neutralino dark matter scenario. The deeper informations on both supersymmetry and astrophysics hypothesis will be obtained by correlation of the different signals or absence of signal.
There exists a world--wide consensus for a future $e^+e^-$ Linear Collider in the energy range between $\sqrt{s}=500--1000$ GeV as the next large facility in HEP. The Linear Collider has a large physics potential for the discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model and for precision studies of the Standard Model itself. It is well suited to complement and extend the physics program of the LHC. The use of polarised beams at a Linear Collider will be one of the powerful tools. In this paper some highlights of searches for physics beyond the Standard Model at a future Linear Collider with p…
New data on parity violation in atomic cesium can be explained by a new neutral vector boson almost unmixed with Z, with a mass in the TeV range and sizeable couplings to the fermions. The properties of such additional Z' can be investigated at future linear colliders.
Assuming perturbativity up to a high energy scale $\sim 10^{16}$ GeV, we demonstrate that a future $e^+e^-$ linear collider operating at $\sqrt{s} =$ 500 GeV with $\int{\cal L}=$ 500 fb$^{-1}$ per year (such as the recently proposed TESLA facility) will detect a Higgs boson signal regardless of the complexity of the Higgs sector and of how the Higgs bosons decay.
The search reaches for new gauge bosons at future hadron and lepton colliders are summarized for a variety of extended gauge models. Experiments at these energies will vastly improve over present limits and will easily discover a $Z'$ and/or $W'$ in the multi-TeV range. [To appear in the Proceedings of the 1996 DPF/DPB Summer Study on New Directions for High Energy Physics-Snowmass96, Snowmass, CO, 25 June-12 July, 1996.]
Electron proton (ep) colliders could provide particle collisions at TeV energies with large data rates while maintaining the clean and pile~up-free environment of lepton colliders, which makes them very attractive for heavy neutrino searches. Heavy (mainly sterile) neutrinos with masses around the electroweak scale are proposed in low scale seesaw models for neutrino mass generation. In this paper, we analyse two of the most promising signatures of heavy neutrinos at ep colliders, the lepton-flavour violating (LFV) lepton-trijet signature and the displaced vertex signature. In the considered b…
We investigate simplified models involving an inert scalar triplet and vector-like leptons that can account for the muon $g-2$ anomaly. These simplified scenarios are embedded in a model that features W' and Z' bosons, which are subject to stringent collider bounds. The constraints coming from the muon $g-2$ anomaly are put into perspective with collider bounds, as well as bounds coming from lepton flavor violation searches. The region of parameter space that explains the $g-2$ anomaly is shown to be within reach of lepton flavor violation probes and future colliders such as HL-LHC and HE-LHC.
We study the pair production of fourth generation neutrinos from the decay of an on-shell Higgs produced by gluon fusion. In a fourth generation scenario, the Higgs branching fraction into fourth generation neutrinos may be quite large. In the case that the unstable heavy neutrinos are a mixed Majorana and Dirac state, neutrinos pair-produced from Higgs decay will yield a substantial number of like-sign dilepton events. In this article we use inclusive like-sign dilepton searches from hadron colliders to constrain the theoretical parameter space of fourth generation leptons.
We investigate the signatures at the Large Hadron Collider of a minimal model where the dark matter particle is a Majorana fermion that couples to the Standard Model via one or several coloured mediators. We emphasize the importance of the production channel of coloured scalars through the exchange of a dark matter particle in the t-channel, and perform a dedicated analysis of searches for jets and missing energy for this model. We find that the collider constraints are highly competitive compared to direct detection, and can even be considerably stronger over a wide range of parameters. We al…
Sterile neutrinos are an attractive extension of the Standard Model of elementary particles towards including a mechanism for generating the observed light neutrino masses. We discuss that when an approximate protective "lepton number"-like symmetry is present, the sterile neutrinos can have masses around the electroweak scale and potentially large neutrino Yukawa couplings, which makes them well testable at planned future particle colliders. We systematically discuss the production and decay channels for sterile neutrinos at electron-proton colliders and give a complete list of the leading or…
Searches for Dark Matter at the LHC are commonly described in terms of simplified models with scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector and axial-vector mediators. In this work we explore the constraints imposed on such models from the observed Dark Matter relic abundance. We present these constraints over a range of mediator masses relevant for the LHC and for future, higher energy colliders. We additionally compute bounds from a photon line search for the decay of a pseudo-scalar mediator to di-photons that includes the mediator mass region near 750 GeV. Finally, we compare cosmological constraints with…
Leptoquark searches are considered for future experiments at HERA, Tevatron, LHC, TESLA and THERA. Expected exclusion limits from direct leptoquark searches (leptoquark pair production and single leptoquark production) are compared with indirect limits expected from the contact interaction analysis. Strongest limits on the leptoquark masses and couplings are expected from high luminosity LHC data. If the leptoquark signal suggested by the existing data is detected at LHC, with mass below 1 TeV, TESLA will be an ideal place to study leptoquark properties, provided that the leptoquark Yukawa cou…
Hadron colliders are providing a unique opportunity for testing Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry at high energy and in a laboratory. A first measurement in the top-quark sector was performed at the Tevatron. We present here prospective studies for testing Lorentz invariance in top-quark pair production at the LHC and future colliders. The b-quark sector was investigated recently at LHCb. Eventually, new bounds on photon parameters can be extracted from the observation of TeV photons at the LHC. We will conclude by highlighting other opportunities provided by hadron colliders.
This paper investigates a signature of Lorentz invariance violation with the $t\bar{t}$ production at the LHC and future hadron colliders. Possible deviations from the Lorentz symmetry remain poorly constrained in the top quark sector. With a dedicated analysis of $t\bar{t}$ events produced at the LHC, bounds in the top sector can be improved by up to three orders of magnitude relative to Tevatron, the only measurement existing so far. The sensitivity will be even further enhanced at the HL-LHC and future colliders.
At future electron-positron colliders, one of the largest irreducible backgrounds to top searches in the channel `4 jets + lepton + missing energy' comes from QCD events of order $α_s^2$. We compute here such processes exactly at the parton level by resorting to 2 -> 6 matrix elements exploiting helicity amplitude techniques. We adopt a typical selection procedure based on the tagging of a high momentum and separated lepton. We finally outline kinematic differences between signal and background events that can be exploited to further reduce such a QCD noise.
The lightest neutralino in supersymmetric models with conserved R-parity is an attractive candidate for non-luminous matter in the universe. If relic neutralinos are indeed present as dark matter in our galaxy, they can be directly detected in scattering experiments. This could serve as an independent search channel for supersymmetry complementary to collider experiments. I compare the sensitivity of direct detection experiments with the reach for supersymmetry at collider facilities in the framework of the minimal supergravity model.
We discuss the sensitivity to four-fermion contact interactions of the process of fermion-pair production at the e^+ - e^- Linear Collider (LC), with E_{CM}=0.5 TeV and longitudinally polarized electron beam. The analysis is based on polarized integrated cross sections with optimal cuts. Beam polarization and optimization are shown to have a crucial role in the derivation of model-independent constraints on the new interactions from the data.
In this proceeding, we extend a previous analysis concerning the prospects of a future electron-positron collider in testing the 4-Dimensional Composite Higgs Model. In particular, we introduce two motivated benchmarks and study them in Higgs-Strahlung, for three possible energy stages and different luminosity options of such a machine and confront our results to the expected experimental accuracies in the various accessible Higgs decay channels.
The search reaches for both scalar($S$) and vector($V$) leptoquarks at future hadron colliders are summarized. In particular we evaluate the production cross sections of both leptoquark types at TeV33 and LHC as well as the proposed 60 and 200 TeV colliders through both quark-antiquark annihilation and gluon-gluon fusion: $q \bar q, gg \to SS,VV$. Experiments at these machines should easily discover such particles if their masses are not in excess of the few TeV range. [To appear in the Proceedings of the 1996 DPF/DPB Summer Study on New Directions for High Energy Physics-Snowmass96, Snowmass,…
Sterile neutrinos are among the most attractive extensions of the SM to generate the light neutrino masses observed in neutrino oscillation experiments. When the sterile neutrinos are subject to a protective symmetry, they can have masses around the electroweak scale and potentially large neutrino Yukawa couplings, which makes them testable at planned future particle colliders. We systematically discuss the production and decay channels at electron-positron, proton-proton and electron-proton colliders and provide a complete list of the leading order signatures for sterile neutrino searches. Am…
The physics potential of discovering and exploring supersymmetry at future e^+e^- linear colliders is reviewed. Such colliders are planned to start to operate at a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV to 800 GeV, with a final energy of about 2 TeV expected. They are ideal facilities for the discovery of supersymmetric particles. High precision measurements of their properties and interactions will help to uncover the mechanism of supersymmetry breaking and will allow for tests of grand unification scenarios.
We calculate expected event rates for direct detection of relic neutralinos as a function of parameter space of the minimal supergravity model. Numerical results are presented for the specific case of a $^{73}$Ge detector. We find significant detection rates ($R> 0.01$ events/kg/day) in regions of parameter space most favored by constraints from $B\to X_sγ$ and the cosmological relic density of neutralinos. The detection rates are especially large in regions of large $\tanβ$, where many conventional signals for supersymmetry at collider experiments are difficult to detect. If the parameter $\t…
We explore the mono-$Z$ signature for dark matter searches at future high energy $e^+e^-$ colliders. In the context of effective field theory, we consider two kinds of contact operators describing dark matter interactions with electroweak gauge bosons and with electron/positron, respectively. For five benchmark models, we propose kinematic cuts to distinguish signals from backgrounds for both charged leptonic and hadronic decay modes of the $Z$ boson. We also present the experimental sensitivity to cutoff scales of effective operators and compare it with that of the Fermi-LAT indirect search a…
We examine the prospects of detecting sfermions at a gamma gamma collider. Once produced, a slepton can decay into a pair of quarks (jets) through R-parity violating interactions. Similarly, a squark may decay into a lepton-quark pair. Analyzing the corresponding Standard Model backgrounds, namely 4-jet and dilepton plus dijet final states respectively, we show that the sfermion can be detected almost right upto the kinematic limit and its mass determined to a fair degree of accuracy. Similar statements also hold for nonsupersymmetric leptoquarks and diquarks.
We study the prospect of dark matter (DM) searches in the monojet channel at future $pp$ colliders with center-of-mass energies of 33, 50, and 100~TeV. We consider a class of simplified models in which a vector boson connecting DM particles to quarks is introduced. Comparing with studies in the effective field theory, the present framework gives more reasonable production rates and kinematics of the DM signatures. We estimate the sensitivities of future colliders with an integrated luminosity of 3 $ab^{-1}$ to the DM-induced monojet signature and show the parameter space that can be explored. …
We study direct searches of additional Higgs bosons in multi-top-quarks events at the LHC with the collision energy of 14 TeV as well as the International Linear Collider (ILC) with the collision energy of 1 TeV. As a benchmark model, we consider two Higgs doublet models with a softly-broken discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, where the $t\bar t$ decay mode of additional neutral Higgs bosons can be dominant if their masses are heavy enough. Thus, the multi-top-quarks events become an important probe of the extended Higgs sector at future colliders. We estimate the discovery reach at the LHC and the ILC, …
We investigate the sensitivity of future lepton colliders to displaced vertices from the decays of long-lived heavy (almost sterile) neutrinos with electroweak scale masses and detectable time of flight. As future lepton colliders we consider the FCC-ee, the CEPC, and the ILC, searching at the Z-pole and at the center-of-mass energies of 240, 350 and 500 GeV. For a realistic discussion of the detector response to the displaced vertex signal and the Standard Model background we consider the ILC's Silicon Detector (SiD) as benchmark for the future lepton collider detectors. We find that displace…
In the light of the most recent data from Higgs boson searches and analyses, we re-assess the scope of the Large Hadron Collider in accessing heavy charged Higgs boson signals in $b\bar b W^\pm$ final states, wherein the contributing channels can be $H^+\to t\bar b$, $hW^\pm, HW^\pm$ and $AW^\pm$. We consider a 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-II and we assume as production mode $bg\to tH^-$ + c.c., the dominant one over the range $M_{H^\pm}\ge 480$ GeV, as dictated by $b\to sγ$ constraints. Prospects of detection are found to be significant for various Run 2 energy and luminosity options.
The discovery potential of both singlet and doublet vector-like leptons (VLLs) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as well as at the not-so-far future muon and electron machines is explored. The focus is on a single production channel for LHC direct searches while double production signatures are proposed for the leptonic colliders. A Deep Learning algorithm to determine the discovery (or exclusion) statistical significance at the LHC is employed. While doublet VLLs can be probed up to masses of 1 TeV, their singlet counterparts have very low cross sections and can hardly be tested beyond a few…
We examine lepton flavor violating (LFV) interactions for heavy right-handed neutrinos that exist in most of the standard model extensions that address dark matter (DM) and neutrino mass at the loop level. In order to probe the collider effect of these LFV interactions, we impose the assumption that the model parameters give the right values of the DM relic density and fulfill the constraints from the LFV processes $\ell_α\rightarrow\ell_βγ$ and $\ell_α\rightarrow3\ell_β$. We also investigate the possibility of probing these interactions, and hence the right-handed neutrino, at leptonic collid…
As any e$^+$e$^-$ scattering process can be accompanied by a hard photon emission from the initial state radiation, the analysis of the energy spectrum and angular distributions of those photons can be used to search for hard processes with an invisible final state. Thus high energy e$^+$e$^-$ colliders offer a unique possibility for the most general search of Dark matter based on the mono-photon signature. We consider production of DM particles via a mediator at the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) experiments taking into account detector effects within t…
In this article I review some connections between flavor physics and collider physics. The first part discusses the effect of right-handed charged currents on the determination of the CKM elements V_ub. It is shown that such an effective right-handed W-coupling can be generated in the MSSM which would lead to a sizable enhancement of single-top production at the LHC. The second part of this article focuses on the constraints on the mass splitting between left-handed squarks from Kaon and D mixing. Such a mass splitting has interesting consequences for squark decay chains at colliders.
A future e+e- Linear Collider has a large physics potential for the discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model and precision studies of the Standard Model itself. It is well suited to complement and extend the physics program of the LHC concerning the precise determination of the underlying theory. The use of polarized beams at a LC will be one of the decisive tools.
The Higgs boson search has shifted from LEP2 to the Tevatron and will subsequently move to the LHC. Due to the different initial states, the Higgs production and decay channels relevant for Higgs boson searches were different at LEP2 to what they are at hadron colliders. We suggest new benchmark scenarios for the MSSM Higgs boson search at hadron colliders that exemplify the phenomenology of different parts of the MSSM parameter space. Besides the m_h^max scenario and the no-mixing scenario used in the LEP2 Higgs boson searches, we propose two new scenarios. In one the main production channel …
In models with a non-minimal Higgs sector, the lightest scalar state may be a neutral CP-even Higgs boson, whose properties are nearly identical to those of the minimal Higgs boson of the Standard Model. In such a scenario, the other Higgs scalars are significantly heavier than $m_Z$; their effects rapidly decouple from the low-energy theory. The decoupling limit of the most general CP-conserving two-Higgs doublet model is formulated. Detection of evidence for a non-minimal Higgs sector in the decoupling limit presents a formidable challenge for Higgs searches at future colliders.
Several results obtained within the SUSY group of the ECFA/DESY linear collider study are presented: (i) a possibility to determine tan beta and the trilinear couplings A_f via polarisation in sfermion decays, (ii) the impact of complex MSSM parameters on the third generation sfermion decays, (iii) determination of CP violation in the complex MSSM via T-odd asymmetries in neutralino production and decay, and (iv) an analysis of the chargino and neutralino mass parameters at one-loop level.
Irreducible background effects due to $e^+e^-\to W^\pm + bbjj$ and $e^+e^-\to W^\pm + jjjj$ events produced via QCD in top-antitop production and heavy Higgs searches in the bremsstrahlung channel are studied at the Next Linear Collider. Various distributions relevant to phenomenological analyses are given and compared to those expected from top and Higgs signals in the decay channel $b\bar bW^+W^-\to b\bar b W^\pm jj$. This analysis follows similar ones previously carried out for the case of the irreducible background proceeding via electroweak interactions
We consider the virtual effects of a general type of Anomalous (triple) Gauge Couplings on various experimental observables in the process of electron-positron annihilation into a final fermion-antifermion state. We show that the use of a recently proposed "$Z$-peak subtracted" theoretical description of the process allows to reduce substantially the number of relevant parameters of the model, so that a calculation of observability limits can be performed in a rather simple way. As an illustration of our approach, we discuss the cases of future measurements at LEP2 and at a new 500 GeV linear …
We study the excited muon production at the FCC based muon-hadron colliders. We give the excited muon decay widths and production cross section. We deal with the $μp\rightarrowμ^{\star}q\rightarrowμγq$ process and we plot the transverse momentum, rapidity and invariant mass distributions of final state particles to get the discovery cuts. By using discovery cuts, we get the mass limits for excited muons. It is shown that the discovery limits on the mass of $μ^{\star}$ are 2.2 TeV, 5.9 TeV and 7.5 TeV for $\mu63$-FCC, $\mu750$-FCC and $\mu1500$-FCC, respectively.
The Inert Doublet Model(IDM) is one of the simplest extensions beyond Standard Model(SM) with an extended scalar sector, which provide a scalar dark matter particle candidate. In this paper, we investigate the double charged Higgs production at $γγ$ collider. By scanning the whole parameter space, we obtain the parameter points corresponding to the correct relic abundance of dark matter. After applying all theoretical and experimental constraints, the parameter space for the existence of dark matter is extremely restricted. We perform the analysis for the signal of $H^+H^-$ production in the I…
The quest for the Higgs boson of the Standard Model, which was a cornerstone in the physics programme at particle colliders operating at the energy frontier for several decades, is the subject of this review. After reviewing the formulation of electroweak symmetry breaking via the Higgs mechanism within the Standard Model, the phenomenology of the Higgs boson at colliders and the theoretical and phenomenological constraints on the Standard Model Higgs sector are discussed. General remarks on experimental searches and the methodology of statistical interpretation are followed by a description o…
Collider searches for first-, second-, and third-generation scalar (S) or vector (V) leptoquarks (LQs) focus on the quark-lepton decay modes S,V -> q l. For SU(2)-doublet and -triplet leptoquarks with a sufficiently large splitting between the components, decays involving real W-boson emission (such as S_2^{(+5/3)} -> S_2^{(+2/3)} W^{+} and others) become possible and can change the patterns of leptoquark decays. For third-generation leptoquarks, where these mass splittings might be large, such modes could dominate certain leptoquark decays as they are (if kinematically allowed) guaranteed to …
Fermion dark matter (DM) as an admixture of additional singlet and doublet vector like fermions provides an attractive and allowed framework by relic density and direct search constraints within TeV scale, although limited by its discovery potential at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). An extension of the model with scalar triplet can yield neutrino masses and provide some cushion to the direct search constraint of the DM through pseudo-Dirac mass splitting. This in turn, allow the model to live in a larger region of the parameter space and open the door for detection at LHC, even if slightly. …
In this paper we calculate the production of a charged top pion in association with a W boson via gg fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in the context of the topcolor assisted technicolor model. We find that, the total cross section of pp --> gg --> W^{\pm}π_t^{\mp}, is several dozen femtobarns with reasonable values of the parameters, and the total cross section of pp --> W^{\pm}π_t^{\mp} can reach a few hundred femtobarns when we consider the sum of the contributions of these two parton subprocesses gg --> W^{\pm}π_t^{\mp} and b\bar{b} --> W^{\pm}π_t^{\mp}.
In recent years there have been many proposals for new electron-positron colliders, such as the Circular Electron-Positron Collider, the International Linear Collider, and the Future Circular Collider in electron-positron mode. Much of the motivation for these colliders is precision measurements of the Higgs boson and searches for new electroweak states. Hence, many of these studies are focused on energies above the $h\,Z$ threshold. However, there are proposals to run these colliders at the lower $WW$ threshold and $Z$-pole energies. In this paper, we propose a new search for Higgs physics ac…
Combined analyses at the Large Hadron Collider and at the International Linear Collider are important to reveal precisely the new physics model as, for instance, supersymmetry. Examples are presented where ILC results as input for LHC analyses could be crucial for the identification of signals as well as of the underlying model. The synergy of both colliders leads also to rather accurate SUSY parameter determination and powerful mass constraints even if the scalar particles have masses in the multi-TeV range.
We introduce a Minimal Simplified Dark Matter (MSDM) framework to quantitatively characterise dark matter (DM) searches at the LHC. We study two MSDM models where the DM is a Dirac fermion which interacts with a vector and axial-vector mediator. The models are characterised by four parameters: the DM and mediator masses, and the mediator couplings to DM and quarks. The MSDM models accurately capture the full event kinematics, and the dependence on all masses and couplings can be systematically studied. The interpretation of mono-jet searches in this framework can be used to establish an equal-…
