In the present work, the averaged fidelity is introduced as the steering parameter. According to the definitions of steering from Alice to Bob, a general scheme for designing linear steering criteria is developed for a high-dimensional system. For a given set of measurements on Bob's side, two quantities, the so-called nonsteering thresholds, can be defined. If the measured averaged fidelity exceeds these thresholds, the state shared by Alice and Bob is steerable from Alice to Bob, and the measurements performed by Alice are also verified to be incompatible. Within the general scheme, we also construct a linear steering inequality when the set of measurements performed by Bob has a continuous setting. Some applications are also provided.
The ability that one system immediately affects another one by using local measurements is regarded as quantum steering, which can be detected by various steering criteria. Recently, Mondal et al. [Phys. Rev. A 98, 052330 (2018)] derived the complementarity relations of coherence steering criteria, and revealed that the quantum steering of system can be observed through the average coherence of subsystem. Here, we experimentally verify the complementarity relations between quantum steering criteria by employing two-photon Bell-like states and three Pauli operators. The results demonstrate that…
By employing Pauli measurements, we present some nonlinear steering criteria applicable for arbitrary two-qubit quantum systems and optimized ones for symmetric quantum states. These criteria provide sufficient conditions to witness steering, which can recover the previous elegant results for some well-known states. Compared with the existing linear steering criterion and entropic criterion, ours can certify more steerable states without selecting measurement settings or correlation weights, which can also be used to verify entanglement as all steerable quantum states are entangled.
We analyse and experimentally demonstrate quantum steering using criteria based on generalised entropies and criteria with minimal assumptions based on the so-called dimension-bounded steering. Further, we investigate and compare their robustness against experimental imperfections such as misalignment in the shared measurement reference frame. Whilst entropy based criteria are robust against imperfections in state preparation, we demonstrate an advantage in dimension-bounded steering in the presence of measurement imprecision. As steering with such minimal assumptions is easier to reach than f…
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a kind of powerful nonlocal quantum resource in quantum information processing such as quantum cryptography and quantum communication. Many criteria have been proposed in the past few years to detect steerability, both analytically and numerically, for bipartite quantum systems. We propose effective criteria for tripartite steerability and genuine tripartite steerability of three-qubit quantum states by establishing connections between the tripartite steerability (resp. genuine tripartite steerability) and the tripartite entanglement (resp. genuine tripartit…
We use the uncertainty relation between the operators associated to the total number of particles and to the relative phase of two bosonic modes to construct entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering criteria. These can be tested experimentally in a variety of systems, such as optical fields, Bose-Einstein condensates or mechanical oscillators. While known entanglement criteria involving the phase observable typically require to perform interference measurements by recombining the two systems, our criteria can be tested through local measurements at two spatially distinct positions, to…
Entanglement, EPR steering, and Bell-nonlocality criteria for multipartite higher-spin systems
我们开发的标准，以检测三类非局域性，已被证明由怀斯曼等人。[物理评论快报。98，140402（2007）]是不等价的：纠缠，EPR转向，和本地隐藏变量理论的失败。我们使用Cavalcanti等人的方法[Phys. Rev. Lett. 99，210405（2007）]的连续变量，以开发非定域性标准的任意自旋观测定义在离散希尔伯特空间。因此，该标准适用于多站点量子，即，系统的固定尺寸d，并采取不等式的形式。我们发现，当量子点数目N足够大时，优化的高关联非最大纠缠态在任意d下都可以违反检验局域隐变量的自旋矩不等式（贝尔不等式）.另一方面，纠缠的自旋不等式被违反，从而检测纠缠的状态，为任意的d和N，并与违反，增加与N.我们表明，一个时刻纠缠不等式可以检测任意广义多体格林伯格-霍恩-蔡林格状态的纠缠。因为它们涉及原子系统的自然观测量，所以相关的自旋算符关联应该在被囚禁的超冷原子气体和离子阱中容易观察到。
Separability problem is a long-standing tough issue in quantum information theory. In this paper, we propose a general method to detect entanglement via arbitrary measurement $\boldsymbol{X}$, by which several novel criteria are established. The new criteria are found incorporate many of the prevailing ones in the literatures. Our method is applicable as well to the steering detection, which possesses a merit of ignoring the knowledge of involved quantum states. A concept of measurement orbit, which plays an important role in the detection of entanglement and steering, is introduced, which enl…
One of the most often implied benefits of high-dimensional (HD) quantum systems is to lead to stronger forms of correlations, featuring increased robustness to noise. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the $n$-setting linear HD quantum steering criterion. We verify the large violation of the steering inequalities without full-state tomography. The lower bound of the violation is $2.24\pm0.01$ in 11 dimensions, exceeding the bound ($V<2$) of 2-setting criteria. Hence, a higher strength of steering has been revealed. Moreover, we demonstrate the method for enhancing the noise robustness without…
In the present work, a traditional quantity, the averaged fidelity, is introduced as the steering parameter. From the definitions of steering from Alice to Bob and the joint measurability, a general scheme is developed to design linear steering criteria. For a given set of measurements on Bob's side, the so-called nonsteering threshold is defined to quantify the ability to detect steering. If the measured averaged fidelity exceeds this threshold, it is shown that the state shared by Alice and Bob is steerable from Alice to Bob, and the measurements performed by Alice are also verified to be in…
According to the fundamental idea that a steering inequality can be constructed by just considering the measurements performed by Bob, and from the definitions of steering from Alice to Bob, a general scheme for designing two different kinds of linear steering inequalities (LSIs) is developed to detect the two-way steerability for bipartite system and the genuine multipartite two-way steerability for multipartite system, respectively. Besides the LSIs constructed from the known one-way criteria and the Bell operators, several other types of LSIs are also considered.
Quantum steering describes the ability of one observer to nonlocally affect the other observer's state through local measurements, which represents a new form of quantum nonlocal correlation and has potential applications in quantum information and quantum communication. In this paper, we propose a computable steering criterion that is applicable to bipartite quantum systems of arbitrary dimensions. The criterion can be used to verify a wide range of steerable states directly from a given density matrix without constructing measurement settings. Compared with the existing steering criteria, it…
Steering criteria are conditions whose violation excludes the possibility of describing the observed measurement statistics with local hidden state (LHS) models. When the available data do not allow to exclude arbitrary LHS models, it may still be possible to exclude LHS models with a specific separability structure. Here, we derive experimentally feasible criteria that put quantitative bounds on the multipartite entanglement of LHS. Our results reveal that separable states may contain hidden entanglement that can be unlocked by measurements on another system, even if no steering between the t…
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox plays a fundamental role in our understanding of quantum mechanics, and is associated with the possibility of predicting the results of non-commuting measurements with a precision that seems to violate the uncertainty principle. This apparent contradiction to complementarity is made possible by nonclassical correlations stronger than entanglement, called steering. Quantum information recognises steering as an essential resource for a number of tasks but, contrary to entanglement, its role for metrology has so far remained unclear. Here, we formulate th…
Coherent control of optomechanical entanglement and steering via dual parametric amplification
School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理学院）；Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学应用光学北京市重点实验室）；Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics (Ministry of Education), Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学多尺度自旋物理教育部重点实验室）
Measurements serve as the intermediate communication layer between the quantum world and our classical perception. So, the question which measurements efficiently extract information from quantum systems is of central interest. Using quantum steering as a nonclassical phenomenon, we show that there are instances, where the results of all two-outcome measurements can be explained in a classical manner, while the results of some three-outcome measurements cannot. This points at the important role of the number of outcomes in revealing the nonclassicality hidden in a quantum system. Moreover, our…
Factorization of multimeters: a unified view on nonclassical quantum phenomena
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä（于韦斯屈莱大学信息技术学院）；Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen（锡根大学自然科学与技术学院）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔理工学院、信息学与图像与信号实验室）；Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS（图卢兹大学理论物理实验室、法国国家科学研究中心、图卢兹第三大学）；Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学理论物理研究所）
