arXiv 2008.064262020-08-14nucl-exhep-exphysics.ins-det

Canfranc地下实验室的双β衰变实验

Double Beta Decay Experiments at Canfranc Underground Laboratory

Susana Cebrian

备注：: Final version. Abbreviated abstract
发表信息：: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 114 (2020) 103807
DOI：: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2020.103807

摘要：

Canfranc地下实验室（“Canfranc Subterráneo de Canfranc”，LSC）的第一批活动始于80年代中期，位于西班牙比利牛斯山脉下的一个铁路隧道;自那时以来，它已成为一个国际多学科设施，配备了不同的地下科学服务。LSC的研究活动是关于天体粒子物理学，暗物质搜索和中微子物理学;但也开展核天体物理学，地球物理学和生物学方面的活动。无中微子双β衰变的研究一直是LSC的主要研究方向之一。中微子基本性质的表征仍有许多未知数，研究这种罕见的衰变过程需要粒子物理学的标准模型之外的物理学，这可以揭示轻子数守恒，中微子作为狄拉克或马约拉纳粒子的性质以及三代中微子质量的绝对尺度和排序。在这里，将回顾在LSC对不同发射体和以下非常不同的实验方法进行的双β衰变搜索：从实验室的第一次实验开始，包括对$^{76}$ Ge的成功IGEX，它对当时的有效中微子质量提出了非常严格的限制，到目前的$^{136}$测试和未来项目CROSS的NEXT实验（“具有表面灵敏度的低温稀有事件观测站”），用于探测$^{130}$ Te和$^{100}$ Mo，两者都采用了创新的探测器技术来区分背景。对于无中微子双β衰变通道和90% C. L.，IGEX推导出$^{76}$ Ge的半衰期限值为$T_{1/2}^{0ν} > 1.57 \times 10^{25}$ y，而NEXT-100中的$^{136}$ Ge的相应预期限值为$T_{1/2}^{0ν} > 1.0\times 10^{26}$ y（暴露量为500 kg.y），CROSS中的$^{100}$ Mo的相应预期限值为$T_{1/2}^{0ν} > 2.8 \times 10^{25}$ y（5 y和4.7 kg同位素）。在其他地下实验室开展的与双β衰变研究有关的活动也已在LSC开展，并将在会上介绍，如BiPo-3探测器的操作，用于测量灵敏度极高的薄片的放射性纯度。对于这些实验中的每一个，将讨论的概念，实验装置和相关的结果。

英文摘要：

The first activities of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory ("Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc", LSC) started in the mid-eighties in a railway tunnel located under the Spanish Pyrenees; since then, it has become an international multidisciplinary facility equipped with different services for underground science. The research activity at LSC is about Astroparticle Physics, dark matter searches and neutrino Physics; but also activities in Nuclear Astrophysics, Geophysics, and Biology are carried out. The investigation of the neutrinoless double beta decay has been one of the main research lines of LSC since the beginning. Many unknowns remain in the characterization of the basic neutrino properties and the study of this rare decay process requiring Physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics can shed light on the lepton number conservation, the nature of the neutrinos as Dirac or Majorana particles and the absolute scale and ordering of the masses of the three generations. Here, the double beta decay searches performed at LSC for different emitters and following very different experimental approaches will be reviewed: from the very first experiments in the laboratory including the successful IGEX for $^{76}$Ge, which released very stringent limits to the effective neutrino mass at the time, to the present NEXT experiment for $^{136}$Xe and future project CROSS ("Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity") for $^{130}$Te and $^{100}$Mo, both implementing innovative detector technologies to discriminate backgrounds. For the neutrinoless double beta decay channel and at 90% C.L., IGEX derived a limit to the half-life of $^{76}$Ge of $T_{1/2}^{0ν} > 1.57 \times 10^{25}$ y while the corresponding expected limits are $T_{1/2}^{0ν} > 1.0\times 10^{26}$ y for $^{136}$Xe from NEXT-100 (for an exposure of 500 kg.y) and $T_{1/2}^{0ν} > 2.8 \times 10^{25}$ y for $^{100}$Mo from CROSS (for 5 y and 4.7 kg of isotope). Activities related to double beta decays searches carried out in other underground laboratories have also been developed at LSC and will be presented too, like the operation of the BiPo-3 detector for radiopurity measurements of thin sheets with very high sensitivity. For each one of these experiments, the concept, the experimental set-ups and relevant results will be discussed.

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英文摘要：

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