M. A. Braun
The C-odd amplitude for the elastic $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ scattering due to the exchange of the QCD odderon proposed by J.Bartels, L.N.Lipatov and G.P. Vacca is calculated with the Fukugita-Kwiecinski proton impact factor. The found amplitude is very small and cannot be felt in the differential cross-sections at 2.76 and 1.96 Tev respectively.
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Different models for the odderon-proton coupling are considered and their effects on the differential cross section in the dip region in elastic p p and p pbar scattering are investigated. An allowed range for the size of a possible diquark cluster in the proton can be obtained from a geometrical model.
The magnitude of the double-spin asymmetry A_{NN} in polarized proton elastic scattering is estimated using results from an earlier determination of the spin-flip coupling of the leading Regge poles (cf. T.L.Trueman, Proceedings of the 16th International Spin Physics Symposium SPIN 2004, eds. F. Bradamante et al, World Scientific, 2005.) The required Regge cuts are estimated using the absorptive Regge model. This estimate is then used to determine the sensitivity of experiments at RHIC to the presence of the Odderon.
We study the Odderon contribution to elastic pp and ppbar scattering at high energies. Different models for the Odderon-proton coupling are considered and their effects on the differential cross section in the dip region are investigated. We use a Regge fit by Donnachie and Landshoff as a framework and replace its Odderon contribution by the different models. We consider two models for the Odderon-proton impact factor proposed by Fukugita and Kwiecinski and by Levin and Ryskin. In addition we construct a geometric model of the proton which allows us to put limits on the size of a possible diqu…
Odderon Exchange in Elastic Proton-Proton and Proton-Antiproton Scattering at TeV Energies
本论文详述了通过分析LHC和Tevatron在TeV尺度下的弹性散射测量数据，最终在强相互作用的非微扰域中发现了48年来悬而未决的Odderon交换。
We assume that the scattering amplitude is represented by Froissaron, Maximal Odderon as well as by standard Regge poles. From the fit to the data of $pp$ and $\bar pp$ scattering at high energy and not too large momentum transfers we found that this model taking into account the spin is available to describe not only the differential, total cross section and $ρ$, but also the existing experimental data on polarization.
Starting from a simple empirical parametrization of the scattering amplitude, successfully describing the dip-bump structure of elastic $pp$ scattering in $t$ at fixed values of $s$, we construct a toy model interpolating between missing energy gaps to extract the Odderon contribution from the difference between $\bar pp$ and $pp$ elastic and total cross sections. The model is fitted to data from $\sqrt s=23.5$ GeV to 7 TeV and used to extract the Odderon and its ratio to the Pomeron.
It is shown that regime of elastic scattering with maximal odderon contribution is not compatible with unitarity and black disk limits saturation.
A simple multipole Pomeron and Odderon model for elastic hadron scattering, reproducing the structure of the first and second diffraction cones is used to analyze $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ scattering. The main emphasis is on the delicate and non-trivial dynamics in the dip-bump region, at $|t| \approx 1$ GeV$^2$ and at the second cone. The simplicity of the model and the expected smallness of the absorption corrections enables one the control of various contributions to the scattering amplitude, in particular the interplay between the C-even and C-odd components of the amplitude, as well as their re…
We introduce a new model of near-forward elastic proton-(anti)proton scattering at high energy based on the modern formulation of Pomeron and Odderon in terms of Wilson lines and generalized TMDs (GTMDs). We compute the helicity-dependent elastic amplitudes $ϕ_{1,2,3,4,5}$ in this model and study their energy dependence from the nonlinear small-$x$ evolution equations. While both Pomeron and Odderon contribute to helicity-flip processes in general, in the forward limit $t=0$ only the double helicity-flip amplitude $ϕ_2$, dominated by the spin-dependent Odderon, survives. This may affect the ex…
A simple model for elastic diffractive hadron scattering, reproducing the dip-bump structure is used to analyze PP and $\bar PP$ scattering. The main emphasis is on the delicate and non-trivial dynamics in the dip-bump region, near t=-1 GeV$^2$. The simplicity of the model and the expected smallness of the absorption corrections enables one the control of various contributions to the scattering amplitude, in particular the interplay between the C-even and C-odd components of the amplitude, as well as their relative contribution, changing with s and t. The role of the non-linearity of the Regge…
In this paper we discuss the Odderon contribution in our model[19] that gives a fairly good description of $σ_{\rm tot}$ $σ_{\rm el}$and $B_{\rm el}$ for proton-proton scattering. We show that the shadowing corrections are large, and induce considerable dependence on energy for the Odderon contribution, which in perturbative QCD does not depend on energy. This energy dependence is in agreement with the experimental data for $ρ= {\rm Re}/{\rm Im}$, assuming that the Odderon gives a contribution of about 1 mb at W = 7 TeV. This differs greatly with our estimates for a CGC based model. We reprodu…
The model of elastic scattering amplitudes dominated by the triple (at $t=0$) pomeron pole suggested earlier is modified to confront to existing experimental data on $pp$ and $\bar pp$ total and differential cross sections at $\sqrt{s}\geq 19$ GeV and $|t|\leq 14.2$ GeV$^{2}$ including the newest TOTEM data. Predictions for the future TOTEM measurements at 13 and 14 TeV are given.
Current Status of the Odderon
本文综述 Odderon 的理论性质、最低阶三胶子交换微扰 QCD 描述，以及其在高能质子弹性散射等过程中的实验迹象。
The unitarily extended Bialas-Bzdak model of elastic proton-proton scattering is applied, without modifications, to describe the differential cross-section of elastic proton-antiproton collisions in the TeV energy range, and to extrapolate these differential cross-sections to LHC energies. In this model-dependent study we find that the differential cross-sections of elastic proton-proton collision data at 2.76 and 7 TeV energies differ significantly from the differential cross-section of elastic proton-antiproton collisions extrapolated to these energies. The elastic proton-proton differential…
We consider the possible contribution of Odderon (Reggeon with α_{Odd}(0) \sim 1 and negative signature) exchange to the differences in the total cross sections of particle and antiparticle, to the ratios of real/imaginary parts of the elastic pp amplitude, and to the differences in the inclusive spectra of particle and antiparticle in the central region. The experimental differences in total cross sections of particle and antiparticle are compatible with the existence of the Odderon component but such a large Odderon contribution seems to be inconsistent with the values of Re/Im ratios. In th…
Effects of odderon spin on helicity amplitudes in $pp$ elastic scattering
本研究通过计算螺旋度振幅及复参数 $r_5$，探讨 $pp$ 弹性散射中 odderon 的自旋量子数，证明自旋为 3 的张量 odderon 比自旋为 1 的矢量 odderon 更好地解释了 STAR 实验观测结果。
We consider exclusive $π^0$ production in ep-scattering. At high energies odderon and photon exchange contribute. The photon exchange contribution is evaluated exactly using data for the total virtual photon-proton absorption cross section. The odderon exchange contribution is calculated in nonperturbative QCD, using functional integral techniques and the model of the stochastic vacuum. For the proton we assume a quark-diquark structure as suggested by the small odderon amplitude in pp and $p \bar{p}$ forward scattering. We show that odderon exchange leads to a much larger inelastic than elast…
We provide a statistically significant observation of the elusive Odderon exchange, based on novel and model-independent analysis of the scaling properties of the differential cross sections of elastic $pp$ and $p\bar p$ scattering in the TeV energy range. We report the statistical significance of the observed Odderon signal at the level of 6.26$σ$.
The Real Extended Bialas-Bzdak (ReBB) model is shown here to describe, in the $0.37 \le -t \le 1.2$ GeV$^2$ region, the proton-proton elastic differential cross section data published by the TOTEM Collaboration at LHC at $\sqrt{s} = 8 $ TeV center of mass energy. In this kinematic range, corresponding to the diffractive minimum-maximum region, a model-dependent Odderon signal higher than 18 $σ$ is obtained by comparing the ReBB model prediction for the $p\bar{p}$ elastic differential cross section to this TOTEM measured $pp$ elastic differential cross section data at 8 TeV. However, when combi…
It is fundamental that the phase of an elastic scattering amplitude is related to its energy variation. We repeat a previous fit to proton-proton and proton-antiproton elastic scattering data from 13 to 13000 GeV, taking better account of the very high accuracy of the 13 TeV data. The conclusion remains that there is no evidence for the existence of an odderon in the small-t data
Odderon as Regge oddball spin-3 in $pp$ and $p\bar p$ elastic scattering
提出odderon为Regge奇胶球张量自旋-3，通过包含自旋-3 odderon和自旋-2 pomeron交换的有效拉格朗日方法研究弹性散射，拟合TeV尺度数据并预测其质量为3.2 GeV。
The Odderon remains an elusive object, 33 years after its invention. The Odderon is now a fundamental object in QCD and CGC and it has to be found experimentally if QCD and CGC are right. In the present talk, we show how to find it at RHIC and LHC. The most spectacular signature of the Odderon is the predicted difference between the differential cross-sections for proton-proton and antiproton-proton at high s and moderate t. This experiment can be done by using the STAR detector at RHIC and by combining these future data with the already present UA4/2 data. The Odderon could also be found by A…
The ratios $ρ^{pp}_{\bar pp}(s)$ of the real to the imaginary part of forward elastic $pp$ and $\bar pp$ scattering amplitudes at very high energies are considered in the models with rising total cross-sections and its difference. It is shown from the dispersion relations for $pp$ and $\bar pp$ scattering amplitudes that in the Froissaron and Maximal Odderon approach the ratios do not vanish asymptotically and they have the opposite signs for $pp$ and $\bar pp$ scattering.
We investigate the scaling properties of elastic scattering data at ISR and LHC energies and find that the significance of an Odderon observation is larger than the discovery threshold of 5$σ$. As an unexpected by-product of these investigations, for certain experimentally relevant cases, we also conjecture the possibility of proton holography with the help of elastic proton-proton scattering.
Model-independent Odderon results based on new TOTEM data on elastic pp collisions at 8 TeV
通过比较8 TeV下TOTEM的弹性pp数据与D0的弹性pp-数据，发现至少3.79 sigma的Odderon交换信号，与7 TeV数据结合后，模型无关的合并显著性提升至至少7.08 σ。
We show that the asymmetry in the fractional energy of charm versus anticharm jets produced in high energy diffractive photoproduction is sensitive to the interference of the Odderon $(C = -)$ and Pomeron $(C = +)$ exchange amplitudes in QCD. We predict the dynamical shape of the asymmetry in a simple model and estimate its magnitude to be of the order 15% using an Odderon coupling to the proton which saturates constraints from proton-proton vs. proton-antiproton elastic scattering. Measurements of this asymmetry at HERA could provide firm experimental evidence for the presence of Odderon exch…
In this report diffractive high energy reactions are discussed in a functional integral approach where hadronic amplitudes are calculated from vacuum expectation values of lightlike Wegner-Wilson loops. In the first part we calculate elastic differential cross sections for high energy and small momentum transfer elastic proton-proton (pp) scattering which are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. In the second part we consider exclusive $π^0$ production in ep-scattering. At high energies photon and odderon exchange contribute to this reaction. We show that odderon exchange leads …
We describe the most recent results from the TOTEM collaboration on elastic, inelastic and total cross sections as well as the odderon discovery by the D0 and TOTEM collaborations.
The Odderon remains an elusive object, 33 years after its invention. The Odderon is now a fundamental object in QCD and CGC and it has to be found experimentally if QCD and CGC are right. In the present paper, we show how to find it at RHIC and LHC. The most spectacular signature of the Odderon is the predicted difference between the differential cross-sections for proton-proton and antiproton-proton at high s and moderate t. The experiment can be done by using the STAR detector at RHIC and by combining these future data with the already present UA4/2 data. The Odderon could also be found by A…
There seem to be recently an evidence for $C = -1$ odderon exchange in proton-proton elastic scattering at high energies. Here we discuss three different central-exclusive-production processes $pp \to pp (ϕ\to K^{+}K^{-})$, $pp \to pp (ϕ\to μ^{+}μ^{-})$, and $pp \to pp ϕϕ\to pp K^{+}K^{-}K^{+}K^{-}$, as a possible source of information for soft odderon exchange. The theoretical results are calculated within the tensor-pomeron and vector-odderon model for soft reactions. We include absorptive corrections at the amplitude level. To describe the low-energy data measured in the past by the WA102 c…
We estimate the contribution of nonperturbative quark-gluon chromomagnetic interaction to the high energy elastic proton-proton cross section at large momentum transfer. It is shown that this contribution is very large in the accessible kinematic region of the present experiments. We argue that Odderon which is the $P=C=-1$ partner of Pomeron, is governed by the spin-flip component related to the nonperturbative three-gluon exchange induced by the anomalous quark chromomagnetic moment. We discuss the possible spin effects in the elastic proton-proton and proton-antiproton scattering coming fro…
We briefly present the QCD based calculation of exclusive J/psi production via pomeron-odderon fusion in proton-antiproton collisions. For the Tevatron energy the differential cross section dsigma/dy(y=0) is estimated to be around 1 nb.
Inspired by the new TOTEM data on elastic $pp$ scattering at 13 TeV, we study the possibility to describe all the diffractive collider data ($σ_{\rm tot}, dσ_{\rm el}/dt$, $ρ\equiv$Re$A$/Im$A$, \sd) in a wide interval of energy (0.0625 to 13 TeV) in the framework of a two-channel eikonal model. We show that a satisfactory description can be achieved without an odd-signature (Odderon) exchange contribution. We consider the possible role of the QCD Odderon which may improve the description of $ρ$ and discuss the importance of the odd-signature term if the amplitude were to exceed the black disc …
The Real Extended Bialas-Bzdak (ReBB) model study is extended to the 8 TeV $pp$ TOTEM elastic differential cross section data. The analysis shows that the ReBB model describes the $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ differential cross section data in the limited $0.37 \leq -t \leq 1.2$ GeV$^2$ and $1.96 \leq \sqrt{s} \leq 8$ TeV kinematic region, in a statistically acceptable manner. In this kinematic region a greater than 30 $σ$ model-dependent Odderon signal is observed by comparing the $pp$ and ReBB extrapolated $p\bar{p}$ differential cross sections. Thus, in practical terms, within the framework of the R…
Can the Odderon be "Supercritical"?
本文基于 C-奇交换在 pp 中排斥、在 p̄p 中吸引的假设，证明 Odderon 截距不能大于 1。
We investigate the reaction $e p \to e PS X$ where PS denotes a pseudoscalar meson $π^0, η, η'$, or $η_c$ and X either a proton or resonance or continuum states into which the proton can go by diffractive excitation. At high energies photon and odderon exchange contribute to the reaction. The photon exchange contribution is evaluated exactly using data for the total virtual photon-proton absorption cross section. The odderon exchange contribution is calculated in nonperturbative QCD, using functional integral techniques and the model of the stochastic vacuum. For the proton we assume a quark-d…
Inspired by the recent TOTEM data for the elastic proton -- proton ($pp$) scattering at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 and 13 TeV, we update previous studies of the differential cross sections using the Phillips -- Barger (PB) model, which parametrizes the amplitude in terms of a small number of free parameters. We demonstrate that this model is able to describe the recent $pp$ data on a statistically acceptable way. Additionally, we perform separate fits of the $pp$ data for each center - of - mass energy and propose a parametrization for the energy dependence of the parameters present in the PB model. As a …
Recent results are summarized from the TOTEM experiment at CERN LHC, including measurements of the total, elastic and inelastic cross-sections, the nuclear slope parameter $B$, the differential cross-section of elastic scattering and the real to imaginary part ration $ρ$ at $\sqrt{s} = $ 2.76 and 13 TeV. The implications of these data for Odderon (odd-gluon colorless) exchange are discussed.
We complete the model-independent analysis of the scaling properties of the differential cross section of elastic proton-proton cross sections, including new TOTEM data published in 2022 at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. We separate the signal and the background region with a new gating method. In the signal region, we find that the statistical significance of Odderon exchange from the combined 7.0 and 8.0 TeV $pp$ data of TOTEM and the 1.96 TeV $p\bar{p}$ data of D0 is at least 7.32$σ$. In the background region, the scaling functions of elastic proton-proton data at 7 and 8 TeV and that of elastic proto…
We discuss the possibility to use the $pp \to pp ϕϕ$ process in identifying the odderon exchange. So far there is no unambiguous experimental evidence for the odderon, the charge conjugation $C = -1$ counterpart of the $C= +1$ pomeron. Last year results of the TOTEM collaboration suggest that the odderon exchange can be responsible for a disagreement of theoretical calculations and the TOTEM data for elastic proton-proton scattering. Here we present recent studies for central exclusive production (CEP) of $ϕϕ$ pairs in proton-proton collisions. We consider the pomeron-pomeron fusion to $ϕϕ$ ($…
A novel model-independent Lévy imaging method is employed for reconstruction of the elastic $pp$ and $p\bar p$ scattering amplitudes at low and high energies. The four-momentum transfer $t$ dependent elastic slope $B(t)$, the nuclear phase $ϕ(t)$ as well as the excitation function of the shadow profile $P(b)$ have been extracted from data at ISR, Tevatron and LHC energies. We found qualitative differences in properties of $B(t)$ and $ϕ(t)$ between $pp$ and for $p\bar p$ collisions, that indicate an Odderon effect. A proton substructure has also been identified and found to have two different s…
We consider the first LHC data for pp collisions in the framework of Regge theory. The integral cross sections and inclusive densities of secondaries are determined by the Pomeron exchange, and we present the corresponding predictions for them. The first measurements of inclusive densities in midrapidity region are in agreement with these predictions. The possible contribution of Odderon (Reggeon with alpha(Odd)(0) ~ 1 and negative signature) exchange to the differences in the inclusive spectra of particle and antiparticle in the central region could be significant at LHC energies. The first d…
We describe a new and model-independent Lévy imaging method of quality fits to the published datasets and reconstruct the amplitude of high-energy $pp$ and $p\bar p$ elastic scattering processes. This method allows us to determine the excitation function of the shadow profile $P(b)$, the elastic slope $B(t)$ and the nuclear phase $ϕ(t)$ functions of $pp$ and $p\bar p$ collisions directly from the data. Surprisingly, notable qualitative differences in $B(t)$ for $pp$ and for $p\bar p$ collisions point towards an Odderon effect. As a by-product, we clearly identify the proton substructure with t…
We detail here the convergence properties of a new model-independent imaging method, the Lévy expansion, that seems to play an important role in the analysis of the differential cross section of elastic hadron-hadron scattering. We demonstrate, how our earlier results concerning the Odderon effects in the differential cross-section of elastic proton-proton and proton-antiproton scattering as well as those related to apparent sub-structures inside the protons were obtained in a convergent and stable manner.
We describe the discovery of the colorless $C$-odd gluonic compound, the odderon, by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations by comparing elastic differential cross sections measured in $pp$ and $p \bar{p}$ interactions at high energies.
Constraints on the odderon amplitude in the CGC framework
本文在CGC框架下分析了Odderon幅值的限制，通过实验数据和参数化方法，探讨了Odderon在高能核-核散射中的作用及未来研究方向。
Odderon Form Factors in Reggeized Spin-2 Pomeron and Spin-3 Odderon Exchange in $pp$ and $p\bar p$ Elastic Scattering
通过测试七种Odderon-质子形状因子参数化，发现指数形式$F_{\mathbb O}(t)=\exp[-B|t|/2]$最优，并揭示了Odderon交换的周边软相互作用特征。
Geometric Scaling and the Odderon
该研究基于弹性$pp$和$p\bar{p}$截面的几何标度，推导出关于复交叉偶和交叉奇散射振幅的公式，采用COMPETE参数化重现相关参数，虽未涵盖13 TeV部分数据点，但对$p\bar{p}$总截面修正可纳入$\rho^{pp}$ 13 TeV数据。
Determination of the Odderon amplitude in elastic cross-sections at high energies from scaling and analyticity
研究利用标度和解析性，从质子-质子弹性散射微分截面确定奥德龙振幅，通过‘能量到相位’关系推导正特征标度振幅，拟合数据有矛盾，集中研究波谷/波峰区域确定负特征奥德龙振幅贡献，与D0数据一致并提取其模和相位。
We consider the reaction (gamma p) to (pi+ pi- p) at high energies. Our description includes dipion production via the resonances rho, omega, rho-prime and f2, and via non-resonant mechanisms. The calculation is based on a model of high energy scattering with the exchanges of photon, pomeron, odderon and reggeons. The pomeron and the C=+1 reggeons are described as effective tensor exchanges, the odderon and the C=-1 reggeons as effective vector exchanges. We obtain a gauge-invariant version of the Drell-Soeding mechanism which produces the skewing of the rho-meson shape. Starting from the expl…
We study the scaling properties of the differential cross section of elastic proton-proton ($pp$) and proton-antiproton ($p\bar p$) collisions at high energies. We introduce a new scaling function, that scales -- within the experimental errors -- all the ISR data on elastic $pp$ scattering from $\sqrt{s} = 23.5$ to $62.5$ GeV to the same universal curve. We explore the scaling properties of the differential cross-sections of the elastic $pp$ and $p\bar p$ collisions in a limited TeV energy range. Rescaling the TOTEM $pp$ data from $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV to $2.76$ and $1.96$ TeV, and comparing it t…
Unitarity effects in elastic scattering at the LHC
本研究采用程函与U-矩阵两种幺正化方案，结合LHC的TOTEM与ATLAS实验数据，分析弹性散射高能行为，发现欧德龙相位因子为-1的结论在两种方案下均成立，支持欧德龙相位与散射振幅其他交叉奇分量相反的观点。
The predictions of a model which was tuned in 2013 to describe the elastic and diffractive $pp$- and/or $p\bar p$-data at collider energies up to 7 TeV are compared with the new 13 TeV TOTEM results. The possibility of an odd-signature Odderon exchange contribution is discussed.
We studied the high energy quark anti-quark elastic scattering with an exchange of a mesonic state in the $t$ channel with $-t/Λ_{QCD}^{2} \gg 1$. Two methods are proposed to eliminate the strong background from bare pomeron, reggized gluon and odderon exchange. The feasibility of measuring mesonic reggeon exchange is discussed.
Odderon contribution in light of the LHC low-$t$ data
本文通过双通道eikonal模型分析LHC低动量转移下的弹性散射数据，定量评估了Odderon的可能贡献，并自然考虑了Pomeron交换的屏蔽效应。
We discuss the definition and the energy evolution of scattering amplitudes with $C$-odd ("odderon") quantum numbers within the effective theory for the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) endowed with the functional, JIMWLK, evolution equation. We explicitly construct gauge-invariant amplitudes describing multiple odderon exchanges in the scattering between the CGC and two types of projectiles: a color--singlet quark--antiquark pair (or `color dipole') and a system of three quarks in a colorless state. We deduce the energy evolution of these amplitudes from the general JIMWLK equation, which for thi…
We show that the impact of the maximal odderon amplitude at t=0 and centre-of-momentum energy 13 TeV is small. We obtain a value of rho(t=0) at 13 TeV of the order of 0.12. The real part of the odderon amplitude grows like log(s/s0) at high energies, and is calculated from the analytic properties of the amplitude. In the framework of the HEGS model, taking the same intercept for the odderon and the pomeron leads to a good fit of the new LHC data at 13 TeV. We also show that the main effect of the odderon can be seen in the region of the diffraction minimum of the differential elastic cross sec…
A model for soft high-energy scattering is developed. The model is formulated in terms of effective propagators and vertices for the exchange objects: the pomeron, the odderon, and the reggeons. The vertices are required to respect standard rules of QFT. The propagators are constructed taking into account the crossing properties of amplitudes in QFT and the power-law ansaetze from the Regge model. We propose to describe the pomeron as an effective spin 2 exchange. This tensor pomeron gives, at high energies, the same results for the p-p and p-pbar elastic amplitudes as the standard Donnachie-L…
The TOTEM 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV pp elastic differential cross sections are extrapolated using a data-driven approach to obtain the 1.96 TeV pp elastic cross section. A difference with a 3.4$σ$ significance is observed between the extrapolated pp elastic cross section and the D0 p$\bar{\rm p}$ elastic cross section at 1.96 TeV in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section, providing evidence for colourless C-odd gluonic exchanges, also denoted as odderon. These results are combined with a TOTEM analysis of the same $t$-channel C-odd exchanges based on …
Physics with intact protons at the LHC: from the odderon discovery to the sensitivity to beyond standard model physics
本文回顾了D0和TOTEM合作组通过比较pp和p̄p弹性散射截面发现odderon的过程，并探讨了利用LHC作为γγ对撞机探测完整质子来研究四次反常耦合和类轴子粒子的灵敏度。
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