仇恨言论的注释：MaNeCo语料库和批评话语分析的一些输入
Annotating for Hate Speech: The MaNeCo Corpus and Some Input from Critical Discourse Analysis
摘要：
本文提出了一种新的方案，仇恨言论的Web 2.0评论语料库的注释。拟议计划的动机是对马耳他地中海移民危机和LGBTIQ+问题的新闻报道所作的帖子进行批判性分析，该报道是在欧盟资助的C.O.N.T.A.C.T.的主持下进行的。项目基于仇恨言论不是一个明确的类别开始，似乎属于一个连续的歧视性话语，往往是通过使用间接的语言手段实现，有人认为，其检测的注释计划应避免直接包括标签“仇恨言论”，因为不同的注释者可能有不同的阈值，什么是仇恨言论，什么不是。鉴于此，我们建议一个多层注释方案，这是试点测试对二进制+/-仇恨语音分类，并出现产生更高的注释者之间的协议。激励我们的计划的假设，然后我们提出的MaNeCo语料库，它最终将被使用，跨越10年的在线报纸评论的大量语料库。
英文摘要：
This paper presents a novel scheme for the annotation of hate speech in corpora of Web 2.0 commentary. The proposed scheme is motivated by the critical analysis of posts made in reaction to news reports on the Mediterranean migration crisis and LGBTIQ+ matters in Malta, which was conducted under the auspices of the EU-funded C.O.N.T.A.C.T. project. Based on the realization that hate speech is not a clear-cut category to begin with, appears to belong to a continuum of discriminatory discourse and is often realized through the use of indirect linguistic means, it is argued that annotation schemes for its detection should refrain from directly including the label 'hate speech,' as different annotators might have different thresholds as to what constitutes hate speech and what not. In view of this, we suggest a multi-layer annotation scheme, which is pilot-tested against a binary +/- hate speech classification and appears to yield higher inter-annotator agreement. Motivating the postulation of our scheme, we then present the MaNeCo corpus on which it will eventually be used; a substantial corpus of on-line newspaper comments spanning 10 years.
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