Interpretation of Brain Morphology in Association to Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Classification Using Graph Convolutional Networks on Triangulated Meshes
Northwestern University（西北大学）；Northwestern Memorial Hospital（西北纪念医院）
Emanuel A. Azcona, Pierre Besson, Yunan Wu, Arjun Punjabi, Adam Martersteck, Amil Dravid, Todd B. Parrish, S. Kathleen Bandt, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos
备注：
Accepted for the Shape in Medical Imaging (ShapeMI) workshop at MICCAI International Conference 2020
We propose a mesh-based technique to aid in the classification of Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) using mesh representations of the cortex and subcortical structures. Deep learning methods for classification tasks that utilize structural neuroimaging often require extensive learning parameters to optimize. Frequently, these approaches for automated medical diagnosis also lack visual interpretability for areas in the brain involved in making a diagnosis. This work: (a) analyzes brain shape using surface information of the cortex and subcortical structures, (b) proposes a residual learning framework for state-of-the-art graph convolutional networks which offer a significant reduction in learnable parameters, and (c) offers visual interpretability of the network via class-specific gradient information that localizes important regions of interest in our inputs. With our proposed method leveraging the use of cortical and subcortical surface information, we outperform other machine learning methods with a 96.35% testing accuracy for the ADD vs. healthy control problem. We confirm the validity of our model by observing its performance in a 25-trial Monte Carlo cross-validation. The generated visualization maps in our study show correspondences with current knowledge regarding the structural localization of pathological changes in the brain associated to dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease are two common forms of dementia and are easily misdiagnosed as each other due to their similar pattern of clinical symptoms. Differentiating between the two dementia types is crucial for determining disease-specific intervention and treatment. Recent development of Deep-learning-based approaches in the field of medical image computing are delivering some of the best performance for many binary classification tasks, although its application in differential diagnosis, such as neuroimage-based differentiation for multiple types of dementia, has not…
Alzheimer's disease and Frontotemporal dementia are two major types of dementia. Their accurate diagnosis and differentiation is crucial for determining specific intervention and treatment. However, differential diagnosis of these two types of dementia remains difficult at the early stage of disease due to similar patterns of clinical symptoms. Therefore, the automatic classification of multiple types of dementia has an important clinical value. So far, this challenge has not been actively explored. Recent development of deep learning in the field of medical image has demonstrated high perform…
Technical University Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Ludwig Maximilians University Munich（慕尼黑大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. An early detection is crucial for slowing down the disease and mitigating risks related to the progression. While the combination of MRI and FDG-PET is the best image-based tool for diagnosis, FDG-PET is not always available. The reliable detection of Alzheimer's disease with only MRI could be beneficial, especially in regions where FDG-PET might not be affordable for all patients. To this end, we propose a multi-task method based on U-Net that takes T1-weighted MR images as an input to generate synthetic FDG-PET images and classif…
Simon Fraser University（西蒙弗雷泽大学）；Wake Forest University（维克森林大学）；University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center（俄亥俄州立大学韦克斯纳医学中心）；University of Miami Miller School of Medicine（迈阿密大学米勒医学院）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）
Background: The increasing availability of databases containing both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic data allows researchers to utilize multimodal data to better understand the characteristics of dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). Objective: The goal of this study was to develop and analyze novel biomarkers that can help predict the development and progression of DAT. Methods: We used feature selection and ensemble learning classifier to develop an image/genotype-based DAT score that represents a subject's likelihood of developing DAT in the future. Three feature types were used:…
There is a need for automatic diagnosis of certain diseases from medical images that could help medical practitioners for further assessment towards treating the illness. Alzheimers disease is a good example of a disease that is often misdiagnosed. Alzheimers disease (Hear after referred to as AD), is caused by atrophy of certain brain regions and by brain cell death and is the leading cause of dementia and memory loss [1]. MRI scans reveal this information but atrophied regions are different for different individuals which makes the diagnosis a bit more trickier and often gets misdiagnosed [1…
School of Engineering, Lakehead University（湖首大学工程学院）
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a severe brain disorder, destroying memories and brain functions. AD causes chronically, progressively, and irreversibly cognitive declination and brain damages. The reliable and effective evaluation of early dementia has become essential research with medical imaging technologies and computer-aided algorithms. This trend has moved to modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies motivated by deeplearning success in image classification and natural language processing. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest research involving deep-lear…
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Indiana University（印第安纳大学）；Panakeia Technologies（Panakeia 科技公司）
Biomechanical modeling of tissue deformation can be used to simulate different scenarios of longitudinal brain evolution. In this work,we present a deep learning framework for hyper-elastic strain modelling of brain atrophy, during healthy ageing and in Alzheimer's Disease. The framework directly models the effects of age, disease status, and scan interval to regress regional patterns of atrophy, from which a strain-based model estimates deformations. This model is trained and validated using 3D structural magnetic resonance imaging data from the ADNI cohort. Results show that the framework ca…
Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AI-Med), KJP, LMU Klinikum（慕尼黑大学附属医院儿童与青少年精神病学系医学影像人工智能实验室）；Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine（慕尼黑工业大学医学院）
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and often difficult to diagnose due to the multifactorial etiology of dementia. Recent works on neuroimaging-based computer-aided diagnosis with deep neural networks (DNNs) showed that fusing structural magnetic resonance images (sMRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) leads to improved accuracy in a study population of healthy controls and subjects with AD. However, this result conflicts with the established clinical knowledge that FDG-PET better captures AD-specific pathologies than sMRI. Therefore, we p…
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Traditional methods cannot achieve efficient and accurate diagnosis of AD. In this paper, we introduce a novel method based on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) that can effectively capture changes in the brain. We compare and combine four different types of features including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), dFC and the adjacency matrix of different brain structures between subjects. We use graph convolution network (GCN) which consider the similarity of brain structure between pati…
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences（沙希德·贝赫什提医科大学）；Khazar University（哈扎尔大学）
Background: Alzheimers disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia in aging. Hippocampus is prone to changes in the early stages of Alzheimers disease. Detection and observation of the hippocampus changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before the onset of Alzheimers disease leads to the faster preventive and therapeutic measures. Objective: The aim of this study was the segmentation of the hippocampus in magnetic resonance (MR) images of Alzheimers patients using deep machine learning method. Methods: U-Net architecture of convolutional neural net…
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the early stage of cognitive decline before AD. It is crucial to predict the MCI-to-AD conversion for precise management, which remains challenging due to the diversity of patients. Previous evidence shows that the brain network generated from diffusion MRI promises to classify dementia using deep learning. However, the limited availability of diffusion MRI challenges the model training. In this study, we develop a self-supervised contrastive learning approach to generate structural brain netwo…
University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学附属第一人民医院）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. It remains a challenge to identify the individuals at risk of dementia for precise management. Brain MRI offers a noninvasive biomarker to detect brain aging. Previous evidence shows that the brain structural change detected by diffusion MRI is associated with dementia. Mounting studies has conceptualised the brain as a complex network, which has shown the utility of this approach in characterising various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the structural connectivity shows promise in dementia classification. The…
An Interpretable Ensemble Framework for Multi-Omics Dementia Biomarker Discovery Under HDLSS Conditions
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Mathematics Major, Gangneung-Wonju National University（数学与物理系，数学专业，江陵-Wonju国立大学）；Department of Data Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University（数据科学系，江陵-Wonju国立大学）
Universidade de Pernambuco（伯南布哥大学）；Universidade Federal de Pernambuco（伯南布哥联邦大学）；North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, yet difficult to accurately diagnose without the use of invasive techniques, particularly at the beginning of the disease. This work addresses the classification and analysis of multispectral synthetic images composed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance brain volumes for evaluation of the area of cerebrospinal fluid and its correlation with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. A 1.5 T MR imaging system was used to acquire all the images presented. The classification methods are based on multilayer perceptrons and classifiers of …
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia. Early diagnosis is critical for patients to benefit from potential intervention and treatment. The retina has been hypothesized as a diagnostic site for AD detection owing to its anatomical connection with the brain. Developed AI models for this purpose have yet to provide a rational explanation about the decision and neither infer the stage of disease's progression. Along this direction, we propose a novel model-agnostic explainable-AI framework, called Granular Neuron-level Explainer (LAVA)…
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. In all leading countries, it is one of the primary reasons of death in senior citizens. Currently, it is diagnosed by calculating the MSME score and by the manual study of MRI Scan. Also, different machine learning methods are utilized for automatic diagnosis but existing has some limitations in terms of accuracy. In this paper, we have proposed some novel preprocessing techniques that have significantly increased the accuracy and at the same time decreased the training time of various classification algorithms. First, we have conve…
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco（伯南布哥联邦大学）；Universidade de Pernambuco（伯南布哥大学）；North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, yet hard to diagnose precisely without invasive techniques, particularly at the onset of the disease. This work approaches image analysis and classification of synthetic multispectral images composed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) cerebral images for the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid area and measuring the advance of Alzheimer's disease. A clinical 1.5 T MR imaging system was used to acquire all images presented. The classification methods are based on multilayer perceptrons and Kohonen Self-Organized Map classifiers.…
Background and Purpose: Altered brain vasculature is a key phenomenon in several neurologic disorders. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of vascular morphology in healthy and diseased adults including changes during aging and the anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis (CoW). Methods: We used our automatic method to segment and extract novel geometric features of the cerebral vasculature from MRA scans of 175 healthy subjects, 45 AIS, and 50 AD patients after spatial registration. This is followed by quantification and statistical analysis of vascular alterations in acute isc…
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)（德国神经退行性疾病中心）；University of Rostock（罗斯托克大学）；Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin（夏里特医学院）；University Hospital Bonn（波恩大学医院）；Ludwig Maximilian University（慕尼黑大学）；Rostock University Medical Center（罗斯托克大学医学中心）；Georg-August-University（哥廷根大学）；Otto-von-Guericke University（奥托·冯·古里克大学）；Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience（伯恩斯坦计算神经科学中心）；Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research（赫蒂临床脑研究所）；University of Tuebingen（图宾根大学）；University of Cologne（科隆大学）；Darmstadt University of Technology（达姆施塔特工业大学）；Imperial College London（伦敦帝国理工学院）；Technical University Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；University Medical Center Goettingen（哥廷根大学医学中心）；Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology（莱布尼茨神经生物学研究所）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；University of Aveiro（阿威罗大学）
Background: Although convolutional neural networks (CNN) achieve high diagnostic accuracy for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, they are not yet applied in clinical routine. One important reason for this is a lack of model comprehensibility. Recently developed visualization methods for deriving CNN relevance maps may help to fill this gap. We investigated whether models with higher accuracy also rely more on discriminative brain regions predefined by prior knowledge. Methods: We trained a CNN for the detection of AD in N=663 T1-weighte…
