The Palomar Transient Factory Core-Collapse Supernova Host-Galaxy Sample. I. Host-Galaxy Distribution Functions and Environment-Dependence of CCSNe
Steve Schulze, Ofer Yaron, Jesper Sollerman, Giorgos Leloudas, Amit Gal, Angus H. Wright, Ragnhild Lunnan, Avishay Gal-Yam, Eran O. Ofek, Daniel A. Perley, Alex… 展开作者
Steve Schulze, Ofer Yaron, Jesper Sollerman, Giorgos Leloudas, Amit Gal, Angus H. Wright, Ragnhild Lunnan, Avishay Gal-Yam, Eran O. Ofek, Daniel A. Perley, Alexei V. Filippenko, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Shri R. Kulkarni, Peter E. Nugent, Robert M. Quimby, Mark Sullivan, Nora Linn Strothjohann, Iair Arcavi, Sagi Ben-Ami, Federica Bianco, Joshua S. Bloom, Kishalay De, Morgan Fraser, Christoffer U. Fremling, Assaf Horesh, Joel Johansson, Patrick L. Kelly, Sladjana Knezevic, Kate Maguire, Anders Nyholm, 2 Semeli Papadogiannakis, Tanja Petrushevska, Adam Rubin, Lin Yan, Yi Yang, Scott M. Adams, Filomena Bufano, Kelsey I. Clubb, Ryan J. Foley, Yoav Green, Jussi Harmanen, Anna Y. Q. Ho, Isobel M. Hook, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, D. Andrew Howell, Albert K. H. Kong, Rubina Kotak, Thomas Matheson, Curtis McCully, Dan Milisavljevic, Yen-Chen Pan, Dovi Poznanski, Isaac Shivvers, Sjoert van Velzen
Several thousand core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) of different flavors have been discovered so far. However, identifying their progenitors has remained an outstanding open question in astrophysics. Studies of SN host galaxies have proven to be powerful in providing constraints on the progenitor populations. In this paper, we present all CCSNe detected between 2009 and 2017 by the Palomar Transient Factory. This sample includes 888 SNe of 12 distinct classes out to redshift $z\approx1$. We present the photometric properties of their host galaxies from the far-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared and model the host-galaxy spectral energy distributions to derive physical properties. The galaxy mass functions of Type Ic, Ib, IIb, II, and IIn SNe ranges from $10^{5}$ to $10^{11.5}~M_\odot$, probing the entire mass range of star-forming galaxies down to the least-massive star-forming galaxies known. Moreover, the galaxy mass distributions are consistent with models of star-formation-weighted mass functions. Regular CCSNe are hence direct tracers of star formation. Small but notable differences exist between some of the SN classes. Type Ib/c SNe prefer galaxies with slightly higher masses (i.e., higher metallicities) and star-formation rates than Type IIb and II SNe. These differences are less pronounced than previously thought. H-poor SLSNe and SNe~Ic-BL are scarce in galaxies above $10^{10}~M_\odot$. Their progenitors require environments with metallicities of $<0.4$ and $<1$ solar, respectively. In addition, the hosts of H-poor SLSNe are dominated by a younger stellar population than all other classes of CCSNe. Our findings corroborate the notion that low-metallicity \textit{and} young age play an important role in the formation of SLSN progenitors.
Type Ia Supernova Spectral Features in the Context of Their Host Galaxy Properties
我们分析了122 Ia型超新星（SNe Ia）的光谱测量与Z<0.09发现的Palomar瞬态工厂，专注于Si II 6355和Ca II的“近红外三重态”的性质。我们研究的速度的光球硅II 6355，和速度和强度的光球和高速钙II，在背景下的恒星质量（Mstellar）和恒星形成率（SFR）的SN主机星系，以及在其主机的SN的位置。我们发现，具有更快Si II 6355的Ia超新星倾向于在更大质量的星系中爆炸，最高速度事件仅发生在M恒星质量> 3*10^9太阳质量的星系中。我们还发现一些证据表明，这些速度最高的超新星Ia在其宿主星系的内部区域爆炸，类似于Wang et al.（2013）的研究，尽管在我们的数据中趋势并不显著。我们表明，这些趋势是一致的一些超新星Ia光谱模型，如果宿主星系恒星质量被解释为宿主星系金属丰度的代理。我们研究的Ca II近红外吸收的高速分量的强度，并表明，SNe Ia具有较强的高速组件相对于光球组件托管的星系低恒星质量，蓝色，和一个高的sSFR。因此，这种SNe可能来自最年轻的祖细胞系统。这反对一个纯粹的取向效应负责的高速功能在超新星Ia光谱，当结合其他研究，是一致的情况下，高速功能与SN喷出物和星周介质（CSM）之间的相互作用的SN本地。
