arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.05495astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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中子星合并早期kilonova辐射的模拟

Simulations of early kilonova emission from neutron star mergers

Smaranika Banerjee, Masaomi Tanaka, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Daiji Kato, Gediminas Gaigalas

摘要:

本文首次对中子星(NS)合并后的蓝千新星辐射转移进行了详细的不透明度计算。我们计算了原子序数Z = 20 - 56的高电离态元素(直到第十电离态)的原子结构和不透明度。我们发现,在早期阶段(合并后t < 1天),重元素的束缚-束缚跃迁是不透明度的主要来源,而具有半封闭电子层的离子贡献最大。不含镧系元素的喷出物(电子分数Ye = 0.30 ~ 0.40)的普朗克平均不透明度在t = 0.1天时只能达到约kappa ~ 0.5 - 1 cm ^2 g^-1,而在t = 1天时则增加到约kappa ~ 5 - 10 cm ^2 g^-1。在球状喷出物模型中,喷出物质量为Mej = 0.05 Msun,在t ~ 0.1天时的辐射热光度约为2 x 10^42 erg·s^-1。我们确认,现有的辐射热和多色数据的GW 170817可以自然地解释纯放射性模型。即使在200 Mpc的源,预期的早期紫外线信号在t ~ 4.3小时达到20.5 mag,这可以通过Swift和紫外线瞬态天文卫星(ULTRASAT)等设施检测到。早期阶段的光度对外部喷出物的结构很敏感,Kasen等人也指出了这一点。因此,早期的紫外线观测给出了强烈的约束外喷出物的结构,以及除了r-过程核的热源的存在。

英文摘要:

We present radiative transfer simulations for blue kilonovae hours after neutron star (NS) mergers by performing detailed opacity calculations for the first time. We calculate atomic structures and opacities of highly ionized elements (up to the tenth ionization) with atomic number Z = 20 - 56. We find that the bound-bound transitions of heavy elements are the dominant source of the opacities in the early phase (t < 1 day after the merger), and that the ions with a half-closed electron shell provide the highest contributions. The Planck mean opacity for lanthanide-free ejecta (with electron fraction of Ye = 0.30 - 0.40) can only reach around kappa ~ 0.5 - 1 cm^2 g^-1 at t = 0.1 day, whereas that increases up to kappa ~ 5 - 10 cm^2 g^-1 at t = 1 day. The spherical ejecta model with an ejecta mass of Mej = 0.05Msun gives the bolometric luminosity of ~ 2 x 10^42 erg s^-1 at t ~ 0.1 day. We confirm that the existing bolometric and multi-color data of GW170817 can be naturally explained by the purely radioactive model. The expected early UV signals reach 20.5 mag at t ~ 4.3 hours for sources even at 200 Mpc, which is detectable by the facilities such as Swift and the Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite (ULTRASAT). The early-phase luminosity is sensitive to the structure of the outer ejecta, as also pointed out by Kasen et al. (2017). Therefore, the early UV observations give strong constraints on the structure of the outer ejecta as well as the presence of a heating source besides r-process nuclei.

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