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arXiv 2008.03786stat.MEstat.AP
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使用潜在结果方法研究选择偏倚

A potential outcomes approach to selection bias

Eben Kenah

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于潜在结果的分析流行病学选择偏倚新定义,涵盖结构方法与传统定义,支持非参数分析和单世界干预图,能同时分析混杂与选择偏倚,并简化了匹配及病例队列研究的偏倚分析。

摘要:

我们提出了一种在分析流行病学中使用潜在结果定义选择偏倚的新方法。该定义涵盖了结构方法(在有向无环图中,以纳入研究的选择为条件会开启从暴露到疾病的非因果路径)和传统定义(即某关联度量在研究样本与符合纳入条件的人群之间存在差异)下的选择偏倚。该定义是非参数的,在零假设成立与不成立的情况下,均可使用单世界干预图分析此方法下的选择偏倚。它允许同时分析混杂与选择偏倚,明确地将研究参与者的选择与使用研究数据估计因果效应联系起来,并可调整用于处理描述流行病学中的选择偏倚。通过示例,我们表明该方法为可能产生选择偏倚的多种机制提供了新视角,并简化了匹配研究和病例队列研究中选择偏倚的分析。

英文摘要:

We propose a novel definition of selection bias in analytic epidemiology using potential outcomes. This definition captures selection bias under both the structural approach (where conditioning on selection into the study opens a noncausal path from exposure to disease in a directed acyclic graph) and the traditional definition (where a given measure of association differs between the study sample and the population eligible for inclusion). It is nonparametric, and selection bias under this approach can be analyzed using single-world intervention graphs both under and away from the null hypothesis. It allows the simultaneous analysis of confounding and selection bias, it explicitly links the selection of study participants to the estimation of causal effects using study data, and it can be adapted to handle selection bias in descriptive epidemiology. Through examples, we show that this approach provides a novel perspective on the variety of mechanisms that can generate selection bias and simplifies the analysis of selection bias in matched studies and case-cohort studies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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