13年的天鹅座P旋光光谱测量：通过H $α$、周期性和椭圆度研究质量损失
13 Years of P Cygni Spectropolarimetry: Investigating Mass-loss Through H$α$, Periodicity, and Ellipticity
摘要：
我们报告了对著名的亮蓝变星（LBV）天鹅座P的光学和近紫外分光偏振观测超过13年。LBV是最大质量恒星生命中的关键过渡阶段，并且在任何恒星群中实现最大的质量损失率。使用分光偏振，我们能够了解周围的天鹅座P的近拱星环境的几何形状，并深入了解LBV质量损失。利用HPOL和WUPPE分光偏振计的数据，我们估计星际偏振贡献天鹅座P的分光偏振信号，分析整个H $α$发射线的偏振的变化，搜索数据中的周期性信号，并引入一种统计方法来搜索从球面对称性的偏差，这是新的天文学的首选位置角。我们的数据与先前的发现一致，显示了自由电子散射均匀分布在恒星周围的团块。然而，由于H $α$线的双极化结构和一系列以前未检测到的周期性，这是复杂的。
英文摘要：
We report on over 13 years of optical and near-ultraviolet spectropolarimetric observations of the famous Luminous Blue Variable (LBV), P Cygni. LBVs are a critical transitional phase in the lives of the most massive stars, and achieve the largest mass-loss rates of any group of stars. Using spectropolarimetry, we are able to learn about the geometry of the near circumstellar environment surrounding P Cygni and gain insights into LBV mass-loss. Using data from the HPOL and WUPPE spectropolarimeters, we estimate the interstellar polarization contribution to P Cygni's spectropolarimetric signal, analyze the variability of the polarization across the H$α$ emission line, search for periodic signals in the data, and introduce a statistical method to search for preferred position angles in deviations from spherical symmetry which is novel to astronomy. Our data are consistent with previous findings, showing free-electron scattering off of clumps uniformly distributed around the star. This is complicated, however, by structure in the percent-polarization of the H$α$ line and a series of previously undetected periodicities.
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