量子场中的几何量子信息结构及其格子模拟
Geometric Quantum Information Structure in Quantum Fields and their Lattice Simulation
摘要：
在无质量无相互作用标量场理论中，两个不连通区域间纠缠的上限是一个由几何衰减常数定义的指数衰减。当用空间晶格进行短距离调节时，这种纠缠会突然消失，超出无维度的分离范围，从而定义了负性球体。在两个空间维度上，我们通过一系列晶格计算确定了一对圆盘之间的几何衰减常数和负性球向连续体的增长。与三维空间中的量子场论联系起来，假设这样的量子信息尺度也出现在量子色动力学（QCD）中，那么在描述核子和原子核低能动力学的有效场论中可能会出现一个新的相对尺度。我们重点讨论了这种纠缠结构对有效场论、格点量子色动力学计算和未来量子模拟的潜在影响。
英文摘要：
An upper limit to distillable entanglement between two disconnected regions of massless non-interacting scalar field theory has an exponential decay defined by a geometric decay constant. When regulated at short distances with a spatial lattice, this entanglement abruptly vanishes beyond a dimensionless separation, defining a negativity sphere. In two spatial dimensions, we determine this geometric decay constant between a pair of disks and the growth of the negativity sphere toward the continuum through a series of lattice calculations. Making the connection to quantum field theories in three-spatial dimensions, assuming such quantum information scales appear also in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a new relative scale may be present in effective field theories describing the low-energy dynamics of nucleons and nuclei. We highlight potential impacts of the distillable entanglement structure on effective field theories, lattice QCD calculations and future quantum simulations.
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