arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.01981cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-con
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四端超导装置中四重线上的反转:I。二维金属与四重分束器

Inversion in a four-terminal superconducting device on the quartet line: I. Two-dimensional metal and the quartet beam splitter

Régis Mélin

摘要:

结合哈佛大学最近对石墨烯基四端约瑟夫森结的实验,我们考虑了四重线上相反电压的偏置,并在肮脏极限下建立了二维(2D)金属和四个超导引线之间隧道振幅的最低阶微扰理论。此外,我们提出了一般的非微扰和非绝热的结果。四重态线$I_c(Φ/Φ_0)$上的临界电流取决于通过三端四重态(3 TQ)和非标准四端分裂四重态(4 TSQ)之间的干扰的约化通量$Φ/Φ_0$。4 TSQ是通过交换在二维量子尾流上“冲浪”的两个准粒子来同步两个约瑟夫森结的结果,并且该机制已经在平衡状态下运行。隧道振幅的微扰理论表明,当接触线的线性尺寸大于弹性平均自由程时,3 TQ发生$π$位移,而4 TSQ发生$0$位移.我们建立了四重态临界电流振荡$I_c(Φ/Φ_0)$与栅电压的关系.有人认为,“观察$I_c(0)\ne I_c(1/2)$“意味着“四端4 TSQ的证据”有限的偏置电压的四重线和任意的界面的双折射。这种说法依赖于物理驱动的近似,导致四重态临界电流-通量关系的Ambegaokar-Baratoff型公式。最后得出结论,上述最近的实验发现了四端4 TSQ的证据。

英文摘要:

In connection with the recent Harvard group experiment on graphene-based four-terminal Josephson junctions containing a grounded loop, we consider biasing at opposite voltages on the quartet line and establish lowest-order perturbation theory in the tunnel amplitudes between a two-dimensional (2D) metal and four superconducting leads in the dirty limit. We present in addition general nonperturbative and nonadiabatic results. The critical current on the quartet line $I_c(Φ/Φ_0)$ depends on the reduced flux $Φ/Φ_0$ via interference between the three-terminal quartets (3TQ) and the nonstandard four-terminal split quartets (4TSQ). The 4TSQ result from synchronizing two Josephson junctions by exchange of two quasiparticles "surfing" on the 2D quantum wake, and this mechanism is already operational at equilibrium. Perturbation theory in the tunnel amplitudes shows that the 3TQ are $π$-shifted but the 4TSQ are $0$-shifted if the contacts have linear dimension which is large compared to the elastic mean free path. We establish the gate voltage dependence of the quartet critical current oscillations $I_c(Φ/Φ_0)$. It is argued that "Observation of $I_c(0)\ne I_c(1/2)$" implies "Evidence for the four-terminal 4TSQ" for finite bias voltage on the quartet line and arbitrary interface transparencies. This statement relies on physically-motivated approximations leading to the Ambegaokar-Baratoff-type formula for the quartet critical current-flux relation. It is concluded that the recent experiment mentioned above finds evidence for the four-terminal 4TSQ.

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