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arXiv 2008.01766cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
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大脑和机器中的词义

Word meaning in minds and machines

New York University(纽约大学);Facebook AI Research(Facebook AI研究院)

Brenden M. Lake, Gregory L. Murphy

摘要:

由于自然语言处理(NLP)的最新进展,机器已经获得了广泛且不断增长的语言能力。心理学家对此类模型表现出越来越大的兴趣,将它们的输出与相似性、联想、启动和理解等心理判断进行比较,从而提出了这些模型是否可以作为心理理论的问题。在这篇文章中,我们比较了人类和机器如何表示单词的含义。我们认为,当代NLP系统是相当成功的人类词汇相似性模型,但他们在许多其他方面的不足。目前的模型与大型语料库中基于文本的模式联系得太紧密,而与人们通过语言表达的愿望、目标和信念联系得太弱。词义还必须以感知和行动为基础,并且能够以当前系统所不具备的方式灵活组合。我们讨论了更有前途的方法来接地NLP系统,并认为,他们将更成功的一个更人性化的,概念基础的词义。

英文摘要:

Machines have achieved a broad and growing set of linguistic competencies, thanks to recent progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Psychologists have shown increasing interest in such models, comparing their output to psychological judgments such as similarity, association, priming, and comprehension, raising the question of whether the models could serve as psychological theories. In this article, we compare how humans and machines represent the meaning of words. We argue that contemporary NLP systems are fairly successful models of human word similarity, but they fall short in many other respects. Current models are too strongly linked to the text-based patterns in large corpora, and too weakly linked to the desires, goals, and beliefs that people express through words. Word meanings must also be grounded in perception and action and be capable of flexible combinations in ways that current systems are not. We discuss more promising approaches to grounding NLP systems and argue that they will be more successful with a more human-like, conceptual basis for word meaning.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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