基于Zero-Shot MEG预测的脑内意义表征任务效应模型
Modeling Task Effects on Meaning Representation in the Brain via Zero-Shot MEG Prediction
摘要：
意义在大脑中是如何表现的，这仍然是神经科学中的一个大问题。一个词（例如，鸟）总是有相同的表征，还是处理单词的任务改变了它的表征（回答“你能吃它吗？“与“它能飞吗？")?研究表明，在执行不同语义任务的同时阅读同一个单词的受试者的大脑活动在不同的任务中是不同的。然而，人们仍然不明白任务本身如何促成这种差异。在目前的工作中，我们研究脑磁图（MEG）的大脑记录的参与者负责回答有关具体名词的问题。我们调查的任务（即被问到的问题）的具体名词的处理的影响，通过预测的毫秒分辨率MEG记录作为一个功能的名词和任务的语义。使用这种方法，我们测试了几个假设的任务刺激相互作用，通过比较zero-shot预测这些假设的新任务和名词没有看到在训练过程中。我们发现，将任务语义显着提高了预测的MEG记录，在参与者。这种改善发生在被试第一次看到单词后的475- 550 ms，这对应于被认为是对单词的语义处理的结束时间。这些结果表明，只有一个词的语义处理的结束是任务依赖的，并提出了一个挑战，为未来的研究制定新的假设，早期的任务效果作为一个功能的任务和刺激。
英文摘要：
How meaning is represented in the brain is still one of the big open questions in neuroscience. Does a word (e.g., bird) always have the same representation, or does the task under which the word is processed alter its representation (answering "can you eat it?" versus "can it fly?")? The brain activity of subjects who read the same word while performing different semantic tasks has been shown to differ across tasks. However, it is still not understood how the task itself contributes to this difference. In the current work, we study Magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain recordings of participants tasked with answering questions about concrete nouns. We investigate the effect of the task (i.e. the question being asked) on the processing of the concrete noun by predicting the millisecond-resolution MEG recordings as a function of both the semantics of the noun and the task. Using this approach, we test several hypotheses about the task-stimulus interactions by comparing the zero-shot predictions made by these hypotheses for novel tasks and nouns not seen during training. We find that incorporating the task semantics significantly improves the prediction of MEG recordings, across participants. The improvement occurs 475-550ms after the participants first see the word, which corresponds to what is considered to be the ending time of semantic processing for a word. These results suggest that only the end of semantic processing of a word is task-dependent, and pose a challenge for future research to formulate new hypotheses for earlier task effects as a function of the task and stimuli.
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