As the world is becoming more dependent on the internet for information exchange, some overzealous journalists, hackers, bloggers, individuals and organizations tend to abuse the gift of free information environment by polluting it with fake news, disinformation and pretentious content for their own agenda. Hence, there is the need to address the issue of fake news and disinformation with utmost seriousness. This paper proposes a methodology for fake news detection and reporting through a constraint mechanism that utilizes the combined weighted accuracies of four machine learning algorithms.
UTP University of Science and Technology（UTP科技大学）；National Technical University of Athens（雅典国立技术大学）；Universidad de Burgos（布尔戈斯大学）；Wrocław University of Science and Technology（弗罗茨瓦夫科技大学）
Fake news has now grown into a big problem for societies and also a major challenge for people fighting disinformation. This phenomenon plagues democratic elections, reputations of individual persons or organizations, and has negatively impacted citizens, (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US or Brazil). Hence, developing effective tools to fight this phenomenon by employing advanced Machine Learning (ML) methods poses a significant challenge. The following paper displays the present body of knowledge on the application of such intelligent tools in the fight against disinformation. It …
Disinformation through fake news is an ongoing problem in our society and has become easily spread through social media. The most cost and time effective way to filter these large amounts of data is to use a combination of human and technical interventions to identify it. From a technical perspective, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is widely used in detecting fake news. Social media companies use NLP techniques to identify the fake news and warn their users, but fake news may still slip through undetected. It is especially a problem in more localised contexts (outside the United States of A…
Massive dissemination of fake news and its potential to erode democracy has increased the demand for accurate fake news detection. Recent advancements in this area have proposed novel techniques that aim to detect fake news by exploring how it propagates on social networks. Nevertheless, to detect fake news at an early stage, i.e., when it is published on a news outlet but not yet spread on social media, one cannot rely on news propagation information as it does not exist. Hence, there is a strong need to develop approaches that can detect fake news by focusing on news content. In this paper, …
State University of New York at Albany（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校）；College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity（应急准备、国土安全与网络安全学院）
Over the past couple of years, the topic of "fake news" and its influence over people's opinions has become a growing cause for concern. Although the spread of disinformation on the Internet is not a new phenomenon, the widespread use of social media has exacerbated its effects, providing more channels for dissemination and the potential to "go viral." Nowhere was this more evident than during the 2016 United States Presidential Election. Although the current of disinformation spread via trolls, bots, and hyperpartisan media outlets likely reinforced existing biases rather than sway undecided …
University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）；Illinois Institute of Technology（伊利诺伊理工学院）；Lehigh University（理海大学）
Disinformation and fake news have posed detrimental effects on individuals and society in recent years, attracting broad attention to fake news detection. The majority of existing fake news detection algorithms focus on mining news content and/or the surrounding exogenous context for discovering deceptive signals; while the endogenous preference of a user when he/she decides to spread a piece of fake news or not is ignored. The confirmation bias theory has indicated that a user is more likely to spread a piece of fake news when it confirms his/her existing beliefs/preferences. Users' historica…
Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU（哈马德·本·哈利法大学卡塔尔计算研究所）；IIT-CNR（意大利国家研究委员会信息处理研究所）；IIT Delhi（德里印度理工学院）；Sapienza University of Rome（罗马第一大学）；Sofia University（索非亚大学）；University of Padova（帕多瓦大学）；Facebook AI（脸书人工智能）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of offensive content online such as fake news, propaganda, misinformation, and disinformation. While initially this was mostly about textual content, over time images and videos gained popularity, as they are much easier to consume, attract more attention, and spread further than text. As a result, researchers started leveraging different modalities and combinations thereof to tackle online multimodal offensive content. In this study, we offer a survey on the state-of-the-art on multimodal disinformation detection covering various combinations of m…
Both politics and pandemics have recently provided ample motivation for the development of machine learning-enabled disinformation (a.k.a. fake news) detection algorithms. Existing literature has focused primarily on the fully-automated case, but the resulting techniques cannot reliably detect disinformation on the varied topics, sources, and time scales required for military applications. By leveraging an already-available analyst as a human-in-the-loop, however, the canonical machine learning techniques of sentiment analysis, aspect-based sentiment analysis, and stance detection become plaus…
Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；The Penn State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
In recent years, disinformation including fake news, has became a global phenomenon due to its explosive growth, particularly on social media. The wide spread of disinformation and fake news can cause detrimental societal effects. Despite the recent progress in detecting disinformation and fake news, it is still non-trivial due to its complexity, diversity, multi-modality, and costs of fact-checking or annotation. The goal of this chapter is to pave the way for appreciating the challenges and advancements via: (1) introducing the types of information disorder on social media and examine their …
Over the last years, there has been an unprecedented proliferation of fake news. As a consequence, we are more susceptible to the pernicious impact that misinformation and disinformation spreading can have in different segments of our society. Thus, the development of tools for automatic detection of fake news plays and important role in the prevention of its negative effects. Most attempts to detect and classify false content focus only on using textual information. Multimodal approaches are less frequent and they typically classify news either as true or fake. In this work, we perform a fine…
Texas A&M University（德州农工大学）；The University of Alabama at Birmingham（阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校）
The spread of digital disinformation (aka "fake news") is arguably one of the most significant threats on the Internet which can cause individual and societal harm of large scales. The susceptibility to fake news attacks hinges on whether Internet users perceive a fake news article/snippet to be legitimate after reading it. In this paper, we attempt to garner an in-depth understanding of users' susceptibility to text-centric fake news attacks via a neuro-cognitive methodology. We investigate the neural underpinnings relevant to fake/real news through EEG. We run an experiment with human users …
The exponential rise of social media and digital news in the past decade has had the unfortunate consequence of escalating what the United Nations has called a global topic of concern: the growing prevalence of disinformation. Given the complexity and time-consuming nature of combating disinformation through human assessment, one is motivated to explore harnessing AI solutions to automatically assess news articles for the presence of disinformation. A valuable first step towards automatic identification of disinformation is stance detection, where given a claim and a news article, the aim is t…
Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU（哈马德·本·哈利法大学卡塔尔计算研究所）；MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory（麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室）；Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）
Recent events, such as the 2016 US Presidential Campaign, Brexit and the COVID-19 "infodemic", have brought into the spotlight the dangers of online disinformation. There has been a lot of research focusing on fact-checking and disinformation detection. However, little attention has been paid to the specific rhetorical and psychological techniques used to convey propaganda messages. Revealing the use of such techniques can help promote media literacy and critical thinking, and eventually contribute to limiting the impact of "fake news" and disinformation campaigns. Prta (Propaganda Persuasion …
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology（弗罗茨瓦夫理工大学）
The abundance of information in digital media, which in today's world is the main source of knowledge about current events for the masses, makes it possible to spread disinformation on a larger scale than ever before. Consequently, there is a need to develop novel fake news detection approaches capable of adapting to changing factual contexts and generalizing previously or concurrently acquired knowledge. To deal with this problem, we propose a lifelong learning-inspired approach, which allows for fake news detection in multiple languages and the mutual transfer of knowledge acquired in each o…
Identifying fake news is a very difficult task, especially when considering the multiple modes of conveying information through text, image, video and/or audio. We attempted to tackle the problem of automated misinformation/disinformation detection in multi-modal news sources (including text and images) through our simple, yet effective, approach in the FACTIFY shared task at De-Factify@AAAI2022. Our model produced an F1-weighted score of 74.807%, which was the fourth best out of all the submissions. In this paper we will explain our approach to undertake the shared task.
Large-scale dissemination of disinformation online intended to mislead or deceive the general population is a major societal problem. Rapid progression in image, video, and natural language generative models has only exacerbated this situation and intensified our need for an effective defense mechanism. While existing approaches have been proposed to defend against neural fake news, they are generally constrained to the very limited setting where articles only have text and metadata such as the title and authors. In this paper, we introduce the more realistic and challenging task of defending …
Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University（北京大学王选计算机研究所）；Soochow University（苏州大学）；Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China（中国人民大学高瓴人工智能学院）
Automatically identifying fake news from the Internet is a challenging problem in deception detection tasks. Online news is modified constantly during its propagation, e.g., malicious users distort the original truth and make up fake news. However, the continuous evolution process would generate unprecedented fake news and cheat the original model. We present the Fake News Evolution (FNE) dataset: a new dataset tracking the fake news evolution process. Our dataset is composed of 950 paired data, each of which consists of articles representing the three significant phases of the evolution proce…
Sofia University（索非亚大学）；TIET；QCRI, HBKU（卡塔尔计算研究所，哈马德·本·哈利法大学）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
We study the problem of profiling news media on the Web with respect to their factuality of reporting and bias. This is an important but under-studied problem related to disinformation and "fake news" detection, but it addresses the issue at a coarser granularity compared to looking at an individual article or an individual claim. This is useful as it allows to profile entire media outlets in advance. Unlike previous work, which has focused primarily on text (e.g.,~on the text of the articles published by the target website, or on the textual description in their social media profiles or in Wi…
Qatar Computing Research Institute（卡塔尔计算研究所）；HBKU（哈马德·本·哈利法大学）；Vellore Institute of Technology（韦洛尔理工学院）
Fighting the ongoing COVID-19 infodemic has been declared as one of the most important focus areas by the World Health Organization since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the information that is consumed and disseminated consists of promoting fake cures, rumors, and conspiracy theories to spreading xenophobia and panic, at the same time there is information (e.g., containing advice, promoting cure) that can help different stakeholders such as policy-makers. Social media platforms enable the infodemic and there has been an effort to curate the content on such platforms, analyze and deb…
Utilization of Multinomial Naive Bayes Algorithm and Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF Vectorizer) in Checking the Credibility of News Tweet in the Philippines
College of Engineering and Technology（工程与技术学院）；Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila（马尼拉市立大学）
Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU（卡塔尔计算研究所，哈马德·本·哈利法大学）
Given the recent proliferation of disinformation online, there has been also growing research interest in automatically debunking rumors, false claims, and "fake news." A number of fact-checking initiatives have been launched so far, both manual and automatic, but the whole enterprise remains in a state of crisis: by the time a claim is finally fact-checked, it could have reached millions of users, and the harm caused could hardly be undone. An arguably more promising direction is to focus on fact-checking entire news outlets, which can be done in advance. Then, we could fact-check the news be…
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence（艾伦人工智能研究所）
Recent progress in natural language generation has raised dual-use concerns. While applications like summarization and translation are positive, the underlying technology also might enable adversaries to generate neural fake news: targeted propaganda that closely mimics the style of real news. Modern computer security relies on careful threat modeling: identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities from an adversary's point of view, and exploring potential mitigations to these threats. Likewise, developing robust defenses against neural fake news requires us first to carefully investigate a…
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, people turned to social media to read and to share timely information including statistics, warnings, advice, and inspirational stories. Unfortunately, alongside all this useful information, there was also a new blending of medical and political misinformation and disinformation, which gave rise to the first global infodemic. While fighting this infodemic is typically thought of in terms of factuality, the problem is much broader as malicious content includes not only fake news, rumors, and conspiracy theories, but also promotion of fake cures, panic…
