Metal nanowires and nanoparticles that facilitate surface plasmons are of contemporary interest in nanophotonics, thermoplasmonics and optoelectronics. They facilitate not only subwavelength light propagation and localization capabilities, but also provide an excellent platform for opto-thermal effects confined to volumes down to the nanoscale. This brief review article aims to provide an overview of a specific nanophotonic geometry: a plasmonic nanowire coupled to a zero-dimensional nanostructure. We discuss the methods to prepare such nano-architectures and review some interesting nanophotonic applications that arise out of it. We conclude with a discussion on some emerging research directions that can be facilitated by employing the coupled nanostructures.
We theoretically explore the notion of nonreciprocal near-zone manipulation of electromagnetic fields within subwavelength plasmonic nanostructures embedded in magneto-optical materials. We derive an analytical model predicting a strong, magneto-optically induced time-reversal symmetry breaking of localized plasmonic resonances in topologically symmetric structures. Our numerical simulations of plasmon excitations reveal a considerable near-zone power flow rotation within such hybrid nanostructures, demonstrating nanoscale nonreciprocity. This can be considered as another mechanism for tuning …
Quantum theory of surface plasmons is very important for studying the interactions between light and different metal nanostructures in nanoplasmonics. In this work, using the canonical quantization method, the SPPs on nanowires and their orbital and spin angular momentum are investigated. The results show that the SPPs on nanowire carry both orbital and spin momentum during propagation. Later, the result is applied on the plasmonic nanowire waveguide to show the agreement of the theory. The study is helpful for the nano wire based plasmonic interactions and the quantum information based optica…
We launch surface plasmons from one end of a silver nanowire by asymmetric illumination with white light and use plasmon-to-light scattering at the nanowire ends to probe spectroscopically the plasmonic Fabry-Perot wire modes. The spectral positions of the maxima and minima in the scattered intensity from both nanowire ends are found to be either in phase or out-of phase, depending on the nanowire length and the spectral range. This behavior can be explained by a generalized Fabry-Perot model. The turnover-point between the two regimes is sensitive to the surface plasmon round trip losses and …
Plasmonic Faraday rotation in nanowires manifests itself in the rotation of the spatial intensity distribution of high-order surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes around the nanowire axis. Here we predict theoretically the giant Faraday rotation for SPP propagating on graphene-coated magneto-optically active nanowires. Upon the reversal of the external magnetic field pointing along the nanowire axis some high-order plasmonic modes may be rotated by up to ~ 100 degrees on scale of about 500 nm at mid-infrared frequencies. Tuning carrier concentration in graphene by chemical doping or gate volta…
We present two applications of a single nitrogen vacancy center in a nanodiamond as quantum probe for plasmonic nanostructures. Coupling to the nanostructures is achieved in a highly controlled manner by picking up a pre-characterized nanocrystal with an atomic force microscope and placing it at the desired position. Local launching of single excitations into a nanowire with a spatial control of few nanometers is demonstrated. Further, a two dimensional map of the electromagnetic environment of a plasmonic bowtie antenna was derived, resembling an ultimate limit of fluorescence lifetime nanosc…
Influencing spectral and directional features of exciton emission characteristics from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by coupling it to plasmonic nano-cavities has emerged as an important prospect in nanophotonics of 2D materials. In this paper we experimentally study the directional photoluminescence emission from Tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer sandwiched between a single-crystalline plasmonic silver nanowire (AgNW) waveguide and a gold (Au) mirror, thus forming an AgNW-WS2-Au cavity. By employing polarization-resolved Fourier plane optical microscopy, we quantify the directional emi…
A significant interest in combining plasmonics and magnetism at the nanoscale gains momentum in both photonics and magnetism sectors that are concerned with the resonant enhancement of light-magnetic-matter interaction in nanostructures. These efforts result in a considerable amount of literature, which is difficult to collect and digest in limited time. Furthermore, there is insufficient exchange of results between the two research sectors. Consequently, the goal of this review paper is to bridge this gap by presenting an overview of recent progress in the field of magneto-plasmonics from two…
Hotspots of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) are localized within 1 nm at gaps or crevices of plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) dimers. We demonstrate SERRS hotspots with volumes that are extended in one dimension tens of thousand times compared to standard zero-dimensional hotspots using gaps or crevices of plasmonic nanowire (NW) dimers.
Vertical nanowires facilitate an innovative mechanism to channel the optical field in the orthogonal direction and act as a nanoscale light source. Subwavelength, vertically oriented nanowire platforms, both of plasmonic and semiconducting variety can facilitate interesting far field emission profiles and potentially carry orbital angular momentum states. Motivated by these prospects, in this letter, we show how a hybrid plasmonic - organic platform can be harnessed to engineer far field radiation. The system that we have employed is an organic nanowire made of diaminoanthroquinone grown on a …
Spin-orbit interactions are subwavelength phenomena which can potentially lead to numerous device related applications in nanophotonics. Here, we report Spin-Hall effect in the forward scattering of Hermite-Gaussian and Gaussian beams from a plasmonic nanowire. Asymmetric scattered radiation distribution was observed for circularly polarized beams. Asymmetry in the scattered radiation distribution changes the sign when the polarization handedness inverts. We found a significant enhancement in the Spin-Hall effect for Hermite-Gaussian beam as compared to Gaussian beam for constant input power. …
Heat-transport mechanism mediated by near-field interactions in plasmonic nanostructures networks is shown to be analogous to a generalized random-walk process. Existence of superdiffusive regimes is demonstrated both in linear ordered chains and in three dimensional random networks by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the corresponding probability distribution function. We show that the spread of heat in these networks is described by a type of Lévy flight. The presence of such anomalous heat transport regimes in plasmonic networks opens the way to the design of a new generation of composi…
We develop a nonlocal-response generalization to the Green-function surface-integral method (GSIM), also known as the boundary-element method (BEM). This numerically light method can accurately describe the linear hydrodynamic nonlocal response of arbitrarily shaped plasmonic nanowires in arbitrary dielectric backgrounds. All previous general-purpose methods for nonlocal response are bulk methods. We also expand the possible geometries to which the usual local-response GSIM can be applied, by showing how to regularize singularities that occur in the surface integrals when the nanoparticles tou…
Metal nanoparticles are the most frequently used nanostructures in plasmonics. However, besides nanoparticles, metal nanowires feature several advantages for applications. Their elongation offers a larger interaction volume, their resonances can reach higher quality factors, and their mode structure provides better coupling into integrated hybrid dielectric-plasmonic circuits. It is crucial though, to control the distance of the wire to a supporting substrate, to another metal layer or to active materials with sub-nanometer precision. A dielectric coating can be utilized for distance control, …
The use of magneto-optical techniques to tune the plasmonic response of nanostructures is a hot topic in active plasmonics, with fascinating implications for several plasmon-based applications and devices. For this emerging field, called magnetoplasmonics, plasmonic nanomaterials with strong optical response to magnetic field are desired, which is generally challenging to achieve with pure noble metals. To overcome this issue, several efforts have been carried out to design and tailor the magneto-optical response of metal nanostructures, mainly by combining plasmonic and magnetic materials in …
We present a quantum-mechanical model for surface-assisted carrier excitation by optical fields in plasmonic nanostructures of arbitrary shape. We derive an explicit expression, in terms of local fields inside the metal structure, for surface absorbed power and surface scattering rate that determine the enhancement of carrier excitation efficiency near the metal-dielectric interface. We show that surface scattering is highly sensitive to the local field polarization, and can be incorporated into metal dielectric function along with phonon and impurity scattering. We also show that the obtained…
The optical response of a coupled nanowire dimer is studied using a fully quantum mechanical approach. The translational invariance of the system allows to apply the time--dependent density functional theory for the plasmonic dimer with the largest size considered so far in quantum calculations. Detailed comparisons with results from classical electromagnetic calculations based on local and non local hydrodynamic response, as well as with results of the recently developed quantum corrected model is performed. We show that electron tunneling and dynamical screening are the major nonlocal quantu…
Quantum dots optically excited in close proximity to a silver nanowire can launch nanowire surface plasmons. The challenge related to this promising hybrid system is to control the position of nanoemitters on the nanowire. We report on the use of two-photon photopolymerization process to strategically position quantum dots on nanowires at controlled sites. A parametric study of the distance between the quantum dots and the nanowire extremity shows that precise control of the position of the launching sites enables control of light intensity at the wire end, through surface plasmon propagation.
We study the effect of nonlocal optical response on the optical properties of metallic nanowires, by numerically implementing the hydrodynamical Drude model for arbitrary nanowire geometries. We first demonstrate the accuracy of our frequency-domain finite-element implementation by benchmarking it in a wide frequency range against analytical results for the extinction cross section of a cylindrical plasmonic nanowire. Our main results concern more complex geometries, namely cylindrical and bow-tie nanowire dimers that can strongly enhance optical fields. For both types of dimers we find that n…
Interaction between plasmonic nanostructures and molecules is modeled based on the concept of quantized optical cavity for surface enhanced Raman scattering process. We have found that the background emission from plasmonic nanostructures is not constant as speculated ordinarily, it is enhanced accompanying with the molecules Raman scattering. The plasmonic nanostructures not only scatter elastically the energy coupling from the molecules excited states, but also radiate it inelastically as surface plasmon emission partly resulting an enhanced background. According to single nanoparticle exper…
Using a hydrodynamic model of the free electron gas of metal, we theoretically investigate optically-induced DC current loops in a plasmonic nanostructure. Such current loops originate from an optical rectification process relying on three electromotive forces, one of which arises from an optical spin-orbit interaction. The resulting static magnetic field is found to be maximum and dramatically confined at the corners of the plasmonic nanostructure, which reveals the ability of metallic discontinuities to concentrate and tailor static magnetic fields on the nanoscale.
We demonstrate the direct photothermal probing and mapping of single plasmonic nanostructures via the temperature induced detuning of nanomechanical string resonators. Single Au nanoslits are illuminated with a low-power polarized focused laser beam (λ = 633 nm). Polarization dependent heat generation in gold nanoslits is then imaged with high sensitivity. A sensitivity of -4.1 ppm/nW with respect to the illuminated light (beam diameter 5.0pm0.8 μm) is determined for a single nanoslit (1 μm long and 53 nm wide), which equals to a total light absorption of 16%. This results in a heating of 0.5 …
Graphene is a unique material to study fundamental limits of plasmonics. Apart from the ultimate single-layer thickness, its carrier concentration can be tuned by chemical doping or applying an electric field. In this manner the electrodynamic properties of graphene can be varied from highly conductive to dielectric. Graphene supports strongly confined, propagating surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) in a broad spectral range from terahertz to mid-infrared frequencies. It also possesses a strong magneto-optical response and thus provides complimentary architectures to conventional magneto-plasmo…
We report on the experimental observation of beaming elastic and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) emission from a bent-nanowire on a mirror (B-NWoM) cavity. The system was probed with polarization resolved Fourier plane and energy-momentum imaging to study the spectral and angular signature of the emission wavevectors. The out-coupled elastically scattered light from the kink occupies a narrow angular spread. We used a self-assembled monolayer of molecules with a well-defined molecular orientation to utilize the out-of-plane electric field in the cavity for enhancing Raman emission fro…
We show that second harmonic generation can be enhanced by Fano resonant coupling of asymmetric plasmonic metal nanostructures. We develop a theoretical model examining the effects of electromagnetic interaction between two metal nanostructures on the second harmonic generation. We compare the second harmonic generation efficiency of a single plasmonic metal nanostructure with that of two coupled ones. We show that second harmonic generation from a single metal nanostructure can be enhanced about 30 times by attaching a second metal nanostructure with a 10 times higher quality factor than that…
The Fano and Rabi models represent remarkably common effects in optics. Here we study the coherent time dynamics of plasmonic systems exhibiting Fano and Rabi resonances. We demonstrate that these systems show fundamentally different dynamics. A system with a Fano resonance displays at most one temporal beat under pulsed excitation, whereas a system in the Rabi regime may have any number of beats. Remarkably, the Fano-like systems show time dynamics with very characteristic coherent tails despite the strong decoherence that is intrinsic for such systems. The coherent Fano and Rabi dynamics tha…
We compare the optical response of isolated nanowires, double-wire systems, and Pi-structures, and show that their radiation is well described in terms of their electric and magnetic dipole moments. We also show that both dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability can be negative at optical and near infrared frequencies, and demonstrate the connection between the geometry of the system and its resonance characteristics. We conclude that plasmonic nanowires can be employed for developing novel negative-index materials. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct a nanowire-b…
Metal nanostructures can be used to harvest and guide the emission of single photon emitters on-chip via surface plasmon polaritons. In order to develop and characterize photonic devices based on emitter-plasmon hybrid structures a deterministic and scalable fabrication method for such structures is desirable. Here we demonstrate deterministic and scalable top-down fabrication of metal wires onto preselected nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamonds using clean room nano-fabrication methods. We observe a life-time reduction of the emitter emission that is consistent with earlier proof-of-princi…
We predict theoretically that stable subwavelength plasmonic lattice solitons (PLSs) are formed in arrays of metallic nanowires embedded in a nonlinear medium. The tight confinement of the guiding modes of the metallic nanowires, combined with the strong nonlinearity induced by the enhanced field at the metal surface, provide the main physical mechanisms for balancing the wave diffraction and the formation of PLSs. As the conditions required for the formation of PLSs are satisfied in a variety of plasmonic systems, we expect these nonlinear modes to have important applications to subwavelength…
We present an analytical description of the nonlocal optical response of plasmonic nanowire metamaterials that enable negative refraction, subwavelength light manipulation, and emission lifetime engineering. We show that dispersion of optical waves propagating in nanowire media results from coupling of transverse and longitudinal electromagnetic modes supported by the composite and derive the nonlocal effective medium approximation for this dispersion. We derive the profiles of electric field across the unit cell, and use these expressions to solve the long-standing problem of additional bound…
We report on the deterministic coupling between single semiconducting nanowire quantum dots emitting in the visible and plasmonic Au nanoantennas. Both systems are separately carefully characterized through microphotoluminescence and cathodoluminescence. A two-step realignment process using cathodoluminescence allows for electron beam lithography of Au antennas near individual nanowire quantum dots with a precision of 50 nm. A complete set of optical properties are measured before and after antenna fabrication. They evidence both an increase of the NW absorption, and an improvement of the quan…
We demonstrate that plasmonic helical gratings consisting of metallic nanowires imprinted with helical grooves or ridges can be used efficiently to generate plasmonic vortices with radius much smaller than the operating wavelength. In our proposed approach, these helical surface gratings are designed so that plasmon modes with different azimuthal quantum numbers (topological charge) are phase-matched, thus allowing one to generate optical plasmonic vortices with arbitrary topological charge. The general principles for designing plasmonic helical gratings that facilitate efficient generation of…
We demonstrate that the fluorescent emitters can increase light emission from the plasmonic nanostructures in turn. With the help of atomic force microscopy, a hybrid system consisting of a fluorescent nanodiamond and a gold nanoparticle was assembled step-by-step for in situ optical measurements. We found that the emission from the nanoparticle increased compared with that before coupling. The interaction between plasmonic nanostructures and fluorescent emitter was understood as an entity based on the concept of a quantized optical cavity by considering the nanodiamond and the nanoparticle as…
Simple high-performance two-stage hybrid technique was developed for fabrication of different plasmonic nanostructures, including nanorods, nanorings, as well as more complex structures on glass substrates. In this technique a thin noble metal film on a dielectric substrate is irradiated by a tightly focused single nanosecond laser pulse and then the modified region is slowly polished by an accelerated argon ion (Ar+) beam. As a result, each nanosecond laser pulse locally modifies the initial metal film through initiation of fast melting and subsequent hydrodynamic processes, while the followi…
We present a comprehensive review of recent developments in the field of chiral plasmonics. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the working principles of chiral plasmonic structures. With advances in micro- and nanofabrication techniques, a variety of chiral plasmonic nanostructures have been experimentally realized; these tailored chiroptical properties vastly outperform those of their molecular counterparts. We focus on chiral plasmonic nanostructures created using bottom-up approaches, which not only allow for rational design and fabrication but most intriguingly i…
We introduce a numerical framework for calculating decay rate contributions when excited two-level quantum emitters are located near layered plasmonic nanostructures, particularly emphasizing the case of plasmonic nanostructures atop metal substrates where three decay channels exist: free space radiation, Ohmic losses, and excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The calculation of decay rate contributions is based on Huygen's equivalence principle together with a near-field to far-field transformation of the local electric field, thereby allowing us to discern the part of the electrom…
We develop a theory for spontaneous decay of a quantum emitter (QE) situated near metal-dielectric structure supporting localized surface plasmons. If plasmon resonance is tuned close to the QE emission frequency, the emission is enhanced due to energy transfer from the QE to a localized plasmon mode followed by photon emission by plasmonic antenna. The emission rate is determined by intimate interplay between the plasmon coupling to radiation field and the Ohmic losses in metal. Here we develop plasmon Green's function approach that includes plasmon's interaction with radiation to obtain expl…
Next-generation optoelectronic devices and photonic circuitry will have to incorporate on-chip compatible nanolaser sources. Semiconductor nanowire lasers have emerged as strong candidates for integrated systems with applications ranging from ultrasensitive sensing, to data communication technologies. Despite significant advances in their fundamental aspects, the integration within scalable photonic circuitry remains challenging. Here we report on the realization of hybrid photonic devices consisting of nanowire lasers integrated with wafer-scale lithographically designed V-groove plasmonic wa…
The ability to harness light-matter interactions at the few-photon level plays a pivotal role in quantum technologies. Single photons - the most elementary states of light - can be generated on-demand in atomic and solid state emitters. Two-photon states are also key quantum assets, but achieving them in individual emitters is challenging because their generation rate is much slower than competing one-photon processes. We demonstrate that atomically thin plasmonic nanostructures can harness two-photon spontaneous emission, resulting in giant far-field two-photon production, a wealth of resonan…
We experimentally show how a single Ag nanoparticle (NP) coupled to an Ag nanowire (NW) can convert propagating surface plasmon polaritons to directional photons. By employing dual-excitation Fourier microscopy with spatially filtered collection-optics, we show single- and dual-directional out-coupling of light from NW-NP junction for plasmons excited through glass-substrate and air-superstrate. Furthermore, we show NW-NP junction can influence the directionality of molecular-fluorescence emission, thus functioning as an optical antenna. The results discussed herein may have implications in re…
Plasmonic hot carrier devices extract excited carriers from metal nanostructures before equilibration, and have the potential to surpass semiconductor light absorbers. However their efficiencies have so far remained well below theoretical limits, which necessitates quantitative prediction of carrier transport and energy loss in plasmonic structures to identify and overcome bottlenecks in carrier harvesting. Here, we present a theoretical and computational framework, Non-Equilibrium Scattering in Space and Energy (NESSE), to predict the spatial evolution of carrier energy distributions that com…
This paper presents high-order (HO) electromagnetic modeling of plasmonic nanostructures based on the Locally Corrected Nystrom (LCN) method. Advanced nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic structures involve electrically large electromagnetic structures that are very complex in both geometry and material composition. Hence, advanced analysis and design tools are required in order to predict the performance of such structures and optimize the geometrical parameters prior to costly prototype development. In this perspective, the LCN is exploited to solve the electromagnetic scattering of plasmonic nano…
Recently, a new device to measure the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) electronic spectrum after elastic/inelastic scattering in a transmission electron microscope has been introduced. We modified the theoretical framework needed to describe conventional low loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) experiments in transmission electron microscopes (TEM) to study surface plasmons in metallic nanostructures, to allow for an OAM post selection and devise new experiments for the analysis of these excitations in nanostructures. We found that unprecedented information on the symmetries and on the …
The search for miniaturized components for nonlinear optical processes needs a way to overcome the efficiency loss due to the effective size reduction of the active medium. We investigate here a combination of a nanosized nonlinear dielectric crystal and metallic nanoantennas that benefits from both the intrinsic nonlinear conversion efficiency of the nonlinear medium and the local-field enhancement of plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures. Careful comparison between experiments and numerical simulations reveals that the observed 10 to 1000 fold enhancement in Second Harmonic Generat…
The theory of energy transfer dynamics of a pair of donor and acceptor molecules located in the plasmonic hot spots is developed by means of the master equation approach and the electromagnetic Green's tensor technique. A nonlocal effect has been considered by using a hydrodynamic model. The coherent interaction between the two molecules in plasmonic nanostructures is investigated under some strong coupling conditions. It is shown that the energy transfer efficiency of a pair of molecules can be improved largely and the transfer time decreases to dozens of femtoseconds when the contribution of…
The hydrodynamic Drude model known from metal plasmonics also applies to semiconductor structures of sizes in between single-particle quantum confinement and bulk. But contrary to metals, for semiconductors two or more types of plasma may have to be taken into account in order to properly describe their plasmonic properties. In this combined analytical and computational study, we explore predictions of the recently proposed two-fluid hydrodynamic Drude model for the optical properties of plasmonic semiconductor nanowires, in particular for thermally excited InSb nanowires. We focus on the low-…
We demonstrate that the surface second-harmonic generation can lead to the formation of nonlinear plasmonic whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in microcavities made of metallic nanowires. Since these WGMs are excited by induced surface nonlinear dipoles, they can be generated even when they are not coupled to the radiation continuum. Consequently, the quality factor of these nonlinear modes can be as large as the theoretical limit imposed by the optical losses in the metal. Remarkably, our theoretical analysis shows that nonlinear plasmonic WGMs are characterized by fractional azimuthal modal num…
Chemical synthesized silver nanowires have been proved to be the efficient architecture for Plasmonic waveguides, but the high propagation loss prevents their widely applications. Here, we demonstrate that the propagation distance of the plasmons along the Ag NW can be extended if the Ag NW was placed on a dielectric multilayer substrate containing a photonic band gap, but not placed on a commonly used glass substrate. The propagation distance at 630 nm wavelength can reach 16 um even that the Ag NW is as thin as 90 nm in diameter. Experimental and simulation results further show that the pola…
On-chip nanophotonics serves as the foundation for the new generation of information technology, but it is challenged by the diffraction limit of light. With the capabilities of confining light into (deep) subwavelength volumes, plasmonics makes it possible to dramatically miniaturize optical devices so as to integrate them into silicon chips. Here we demonstrate that by cascading nano-corrugation gratings with different periodicities on silver nanowires atop silicon, different colors can be spatially separated and chronologically released at different grating junctions. The released light fre…
In this work, we demonstrated on-chip label-free imaging microscopy using real and Fourier Plane (FP) microscopic dark field images of Surface Plasmons (SP), excited on engineered 1D and 2D low aspect ratio periodic plasmonic nanostructures. The periodic plasmonic nanostructures with period almost equal to resonance wavelength, were engineered to exhibit transmission resonances as transmission peaks in visible spectrum at normal incidence, without using extraordinary optical transmission phenomena. The plasmonic nanostructures exhibited a polarization rotation of 90 degree mediated by differen…
The ability of metallic nanostructures to confine light at the sub-wavelength scale enables new perspectives and opportunities in the field of nanotechnology. Making use of this unique advantage, nano-optical trapping techniques have been developed to tackle new challenges in a wide range of areas from biology to quantum optics. In this work, starting from basic theories, we present a review of research progress in near-field optical manipulation techniques based on metallic nanostructures, with an emphasis on some of the most promising advances in molecular technology, such as the precise con…
We present a theoretical study of the characteristics of the nonlinear spin-orbital angular momentum coupling induced by second-harmonic generation in plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures made of centrosymmetric materials. In particular, the connection between the phase singularities and polarization helicities in the longitudinal components of the fundamental and second-harmonic optical fields and the scatterer symmetry properties are discussed. By in-depth comparison between the interaction of structured optical beams with plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures, we have found that all-di…
The plasmonic chirality has drawn a lot of attention because of the tunable circular dichroism (CD) and the enhancement for the signal of chiral molecules. Different mechanisms have been proposed for explaining the plasmonic CD, however, a quantitative one like ab initio mechanism in chiral molecules is still unavailable. In this work, a mechanism similar to the chiral molecules is analyzed. The giant extrinsic circular dichroism of plasmonic splitting rectangle ring is quantitatively investigated theoretically. The interplay of electric and magnetic modes of the meta-structure is proposed to …
We discuss two aspects of the plasmofluidic assembly of plasmonic nanostructures at the metal fluid interface. First, we experimentally show how three and four spot evanescent wave excitation can lead to unconventional assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles at the metal fluid interface. We observed that the pattern of assembly was mainly governed by the plasmon interference pattern at the metal fluid interface, and further led to interesting dynamic effects within the assembly. The interference patterns were corroborated by 3D finite difference time domain simulations. Secondly, we show how aniso…
