海洋中惯性粒子的非线性动力学：从漂流物和漂浮物到海洋垃圾和马尾藻
Nonlinear dynamics of inertial particles in the ocean: From drifters and floats to marine debris and Sargassum
摘要：
浮力、有限尺寸或惯性粒子运动从根本上不同于中性浮力、无限小或拉格朗日粒子运动。Maxey-Riley方程是描述惯性粒子动力学的理想流体力学框架。马克西-莱利方程源自第一性原理--自乔治·斯托克斯爵士的开创性工作以来一个多世纪的研究成果--是一个牛顿型定律，有几个力，包括（主要是）流动、附加质量、剪切诱导升力和阻力。在本文中，我们提出了一个概述，最近的努力，港口的马克西-莱利框架海洋学。其中包括：（1）包括科里奥利力，它被发现可以解释中尺度涡旋附近的水下漂浮物的行为;（2）说明洋流和风阻力对漂浮在海气界面上的惯性颗粒的综合影响，这有助于理解大垃圾斑块的形成和反气旋涡旋作为塑料碎片陷阱的作用;（3）加入模拟浮游马尾藻漂移所需的弹性力。洞察惯性粒子在每种情况下的非线性动力学是可能的，通过调查长期渐近行为的各种形式的马克西-莱利方程，这代表奇异摄动问题，涉及慢和快的变量。
英文摘要：
Buoyant, finite-size or inertial particle motion is fundamentally unlike neutrally buoyant, infinitesimally small or Lagrangian particle motion. The de-jure fluid mechanics framework for the description of inertial particle dynamics is provided by the Maxey-Riley equation. Derived from first principles - a result of over a century of research since the pioneering work by Sir George Stokes - the Maxey-Riley equation is a Newton-type-law with several forces including (mainly) flow, added mass, shear-induced lift, and drag forces. In this paper we present an overview of recent efforts to port the Maxey-Riley framework to oceanography. These involved: 1) including the Coriolis force, which was found to explain behavior of submerged floats near mesoscale eddies; 2) accounting for the combined effects of ocean current and wind drag on inertial particles floating at the air-sea interface, which helped understand the formation of great garbage patches and the role of anticyclonic eddies as plastic debris traps; and 3) incorporating elastic forces, which are needed to simulate the drift of pelagic Sargassum. Insight on the nonlinear dynamics of inertial particles in every case was possible to be achieved by investigating long-time asymptotic behavior in the various Maxey-Riley equation forms, which represent singular perturbation problems involving slow and fast variables.
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