arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.15539astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-th
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星系尺度上的暗物质

Dark matters on the scale of galaxies

Ivan de Martino, Sankha S. Chakrabarty, Valentina Cesare, Arianna Gallo, Luisa Ostorero, Antonaldo Diaferio

摘要:

冷暗物质模型成功地解释了大尺度上宇宙结构的出现和演化,当我们包括一个宇宙学常数时,还解释了均匀和各向同性宇宙的性质。然而,冷暗物质模型在星系尺度上面临着持续的挑战。事实上,N体模拟预测了一些与观测结果不一致的星系性质。这些差异主要与星系晕最内层的暗物质分布和矮星系的动力学性质有关。它们可能有三个不同的起源:(1)影响星系形成的重子物理学仍然知之甚少,因此没有正确地包括在模型中;(2)暗物质的实际性质不同于传统的冷暗物质;(3)引力理论偏离了广义相对论。解决这些差异是一个快速发展的研究领域。我们举例说明了冷暗物质模型中提出的一些解决方案,以及包括暖暗物质、自相互作用暗物质、类轴子粒子或模糊暗物质时的解决方案。{我们还举例说明了引力理论的一些修正:修正的牛顿动力学(MOND)、修正的引力(MOG)和$f(R)$引力。

英文摘要:

The cold dark matter model successfully explains both the emergence and evolution of cosmic structures on large scales and, when we include a cosmological constant, the properties of the homogeneous and isotropic Universe. However, the cold dark matter model faces persistent challenges on the scales of galaxies. {Indeed,} N-body simulations predict some galaxy properties that are at odds with the observations. These discrepancies are primarily related to the dark matter distribution in the innermost regions of the halos of galaxies and to the dynamical properties of dwarf galaxies. They may have three different origins: (1) the baryonic physics affecting galaxy formation is still poorly understood and it is thus not properly included in the model; (2) the actual properties of dark matter differs from those of the conventional cold dark matter; (3) the theory of gravity departs from General Relativity. Solving these discrepancies is a rapidly evolving research field. We illustrate some of the solutions proposed} within the cold dark matter model, and solutions when including warm dark matter, self-interacting dark matter, axion-like particles, or fuzzy dark matter. { We also illustrate some modifications of the theory of gravity: Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), MOdified Gravity (MOG), and $f(R)$ gravity.

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