本文提出了一种用于长期金融衍生品全球对冲的深度强化学习方法。与Coleman et al.(2007)类似的设置被认为是嵌入在具有棘轮特征的可变年金担保中的回望期权的风险管理。Buehler等人(2019 a)的深度对冲算法被应用于优化神经网络,该神经网络表示具有二次和非二次惩罚的全局对冲策略。据作者所知,这是第一份文件,提出了一个广泛的基准全球政策的长期或有债权与使用各种对冲工具(如基础和标准期权),并与股票跳跃风险的存在。蒙特卡罗实验证明了非二次全局对冲的巨大优越性,因为它同时导致下行风险指标比最佳基准小两到三倍,并获得显著的对冲收益。分析表明,神经网络能够有效地适应他们的对冲决策,以不同的惩罚和程式化的事实,风险资产动态,只有通过模拟表现出这些功能的金融市场。数值结果还表明,非二次的全球政策是显着更适合于长期股权风险,这需要赚取股权风险溢价。
英文摘要:
This study presents a deep reinforcement learning approach for global hedging of long-term financial derivatives. A similar setup as in Coleman et al. (2007) is considered with the risk management of lookback options embedded in guarantees of variable annuities with ratchet features. The deep hedging algorithm of Buehler et al. (2019a) is applied to optimize neural networks representing global hedging policies with both quadratic and non-quadratic penalties. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper that presents an extensive benchmarking of global policies for long-term contingent claims with the use of various hedging instruments (e.g. underlying and standard options) and with the presence of jump risk for equity. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate the vast superiority of non-quadratic global hedging as it results simultaneously in downside risk metrics two to three times smaller than best benchmarks and in significant hedging gains. Analyses show that the neural networks are able to effectively adapt their hedging decisions to different penalties and stylized facts of risky asset dynamics only by experiencing simulations of the financial market exhibiting these features. Numerical results also indicate that non-quadratic global policies are significantly more geared towards being long equity risk which entails earning the equity risk premium.
Delta Hedging in Financial Engineering: Towards a Model-Free Approach
德尔塔对冲是一种“无风险”管理的跟踪控制设计,在现代金融工程中发挥着重要作用。我们利用金融时间序列中趋势的存在(Fliess M.,加入C.:金融时间序列中趋势存在的数学证明,Proc. Int. Conf. Systems Theory:Modeling,Analysis and Control,Fes,2009.在线:http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00352834/en/),以便为德尔塔对冲提出无模型设置。它避免了现在经典的Black-Scholes-Merton框架遇到的大多数缺点。几个令人信服的计算机模拟。其中一些是处理突然的变化,即,跳.
Autonomous AI Agents for Option Hedging: Enhancing Financial Stability through Shortfall Aware Reinforcement Learning
Cornell Ann S. Bowers College of Computing and Information Science, Cornell University(康奈尔大学安·索斯·博尔斯计算与信息科学学院);Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校数学系);School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学社会科学学院);Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University(约翰霍普金斯大学克里eger艺术与科学学院)
Equal Risk Pricing of Derivatives with Deep Hedging
本文提出了一种用于定价和对冲金融衍生品的深度强化学习方法。这种方法扩展了Guo和Zhu(2017)的工作,他们最近引入了等风险定价框架,其中或有债权的价格是通过分别与衍生品中的多头和空头头寸相关联的最佳对冲剩余风险敞口来确定的。对后一种方案的修改被认为是为了规避与原始方法相关的理论陷阱。通过这种经修改的方法获得的衍生工具价格显示为无仲裁。本文还提出了一种通用且易于操作的等风险定价框架的实现,该框架受到Buehler et al.(2019)的深度对冲算法的启发。一个$ε$完整性措施,允许量化的剩余套期保值风险与衍生工具也提出了。后一种措施推广了Bertsimas等人(2001)提出的基于二次惩罚的措施。蒙特卡罗模拟在各种各样的市场动态下进行,以证明我们的方法的实用性,相对于传统方法进行基准测试,并进行敏感性分析。
Deep Generators on Commodity Markets; application to Deep Hedging
在计算机视觉取得的良好成果的推动下,时间序列的深度生成方法近年来一直受到特别关注,特别是来自金融行业。在这篇文章中,我们专注于商品市场,并测试了四种最先进的生成方法,即时间序列生成对抗网络(GAN)Yoon et al. [2019],因果最优运输GAN Xu et al.[2020],签名GAN Ni et al. [2020]和条件欧拉生成器Remlinger et al.[2021],并在商品时间序列上进行了调整和测试。第一系列试验涉及联合生成商品历史时间序列。第二组处理商品期权的深度对冲,在生成的时间序列上训练。这个用例说明了一种纯粹的数据驱动的风险对冲方法。