用标准塞壬映射非均匀宇宙：非均匀性与修正引力理论之间的简并
Mapping the inhomogeneous Universe with Standard Sirens: Degeneracy between inhomogeneity and modified gravity theories
摘要：
探测引力波和伴随的电磁波已被认为是未来宇宙学和引力理论的一个探索方向。在本文中，我们提出了考虑到在结构形成的数值模拟中预测的物质分布的不均匀性的源的光度距离的计算。此外，我们表明，不均匀性导致的物质聚集可以模仿某些类的修改后的引力理论，或其他影响，阻尼GW振幅，偏差大于$δν\sim \mathcal{O}(0.1)\ (99\%\ \rm{C.L.})$的额外摩擦项$ν$，从零开始，将是必要的区分它们。对于这些，我们假设模拟GWs源，与已知的红移，基于二进制人口合成模型，红移之间的$z=0$和$z=5$。我们表明，未来的GW探测器，如爱因斯坦望远镜或宇宙探测器，将需要强约束的非均匀性参数和打破之间的简并修改的重力效应和物质各向异性测量$ν$在$5 \%$和$1 \%$水平与$100$和$350$事件分别。
英文摘要：
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) and an accompanying electromagnetic (E/M) counterpart have been suggested as a future probe for cosmology and theories of gravity. In this paper, we present calculations of the luminosity distance of sources taking into account inhomogeneities in the matter distribution that are predicted in numerical simulations of structure formation. In addition, we show that inhomogeneities resulting from clustering of matter can mimic certain classes of modified gravity theories, or other effects that dampen GW amplitudes, and deviations larger than $δν\sim \mathcal{O}(0.1)\ (99\%\ \rm{C.L.})$ to the extra friction term $ν$, from zero, would be necessary to distinguish them. For these, we assume mock GWs sources, with known redshift, based on binary population synthesis models, between redshifts $z=0$ and $z=5$. We show that future GW detectors, like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer, will be needed for strong constraints on the inhomogeneity parameters and breaking the degeneracy between modified gravity effects and matter anisotropies by measuring $ν$ at $5 \%$ and $1 \%$ level with $100$ and $350$ events respectively.
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