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arXiv 1908.09084astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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用先进的LIGO测量红移0.8的哈勃膨胀

A Future Percent-Level Measurement of the Hubble Expansion at Redshift 0.8 With Advanced LIGO

Will M. Farr, Maya Fishbach, Jiani Ye, Daniel Holz

摘要:

同时测量距离和红移可以用来限制宇宙的膨胀历史和相关的宇宙学参数。合并的双黑洞(BBH)系统是标准的警报器-它们的引力波形提供了关于到源的光度距离的直接信息。因为引力是无标度的,所以在源质量和红移之间存在一个完美的简并;一些非引力的信息是必要的,以打破简并确定源的红移。在这里,我们建议,对不稳定性超新星(PISN)的过程,被认为是在合并BBH系统在$\sim 45 \, M_\odot$的黑洞(BH)质量的上限观察到的来源,印记在人口的BBH合并的质量尺度,并允许测量的红移-光度-距离与这些来源的关系。我们模拟了五年的BBH探测在先进的LIGO和处女座探测器与现实的假设BBH合并率,质量分布,结合一个平滑的PISN截止,和测量的不确定性。我们发现,经过一年的设计灵敏度(约2021年)的BBH人口可以约束$H(z)$ $6.1\%$在枢轴红移$z \simeq 0.8$。五年后(大约2025年),限制提高到$2.9\%$。这种测量只依赖于广义相对论和存在一个截止质量标度,该标度在整个宇宙时间内近似固定或校准;它独立于任何距离阶梯或宇宙学模型。未来“第三代”引力波探测器的观测可以看到整个宇宙中的BBH合并,将允许在一个月的观测时间内对$z \gtrsim 4$进行百分之几的宇宙学测量。

英文摘要:

Simultaneous measurements of distance and redshift can be used to constrain the expansion history of the universe and associated cosmological parameters. Merging binary black hole (BBH) systems are standard sirens---their gravitational waveform provides direct information about the luminosity distance to the source. Because gravity is scale-free, there is a perfect degeneracy between the source masses and redshift; some non-gravitational information is necessary to break the degeneracy and determine the redshift of the source. Here we suggest that the pair instability supernova (PISN) process, thought to be the source of the observed upper-limit on the black hole (BH) mass in merging BBH systems at $\sim 45 \, M_\odot$, imprints a mass scale in the population of BBH mergers and permits a measurement of the redshift-luminosity-distance relation with these sources. We simulate five years of BBH detections in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors with realistic assumptions about the BBH merger rate, a mass distribution incorporating a smooth PISN cutoff, and measurement uncertainty. We show that after one year of operation at design sensitivity (circa 2021) the BBH population can constrain $H(z)$ to $6.1\%$ at a pivot redshift $z \simeq 0.8$. After five years (circa 2025) the constraint improves to $2.9\%$. This measurement relies only on general relativity and the presence of a cutoff mass scale that is approximately fixed or calibrated across cosmic time; it is independent of any distance ladder or cosmological model. Observations by future ``third-generation'' gravitational wave detectors, which can see BBH mergers throughout the universe, would permit sub-percent cosmographical measurements to $z \gtrsim 4$ within one month of observation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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