闪变噪声的量子理论：1/f定律作为电压功率谱的下限
Quantum theory of flicker noise: the 1/f law as a lower bound on the voltage power spectrum
摘要：
基于傅里叶变换信号的不确定性关系，提出了一种解决在所有导电介质中观察到的1/f电压噪声问题的方法。它表明，量子不确定性所造成的不可交换的观测量在不同的时间设置的电压波动的功率谱的下限。使用Schwinger-Keldysh方法，这个界限是明确计算的情况下，非极化自由类载流子，并发现有1/f低频渐近。它还表明，帐户的载流子与声子的相互作用的结果在移动的频率指数从1。与InGaAs量子阱和高温超导体中1/f噪声的实验数据作了比较，结果表明，所观测到的噪声水平仅是所建立的界的几倍。
英文摘要：
An approach to the problem of 1/f voltage noise observed in all conducting media is developed based on an uncertainty relation for the Fourier-transformed signal. It is shown that the quantum indeterminacy caused by non-commutativity of observables at different times sets a lower bound on the power spectrum of voltage fluctuations. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh method, this bound is calculated explicitly in the case of unpolarized free-like charge carriers, and is found to have a 1/f low-frequency asymptotic. It is demonstrated also that account of the charge carrier interaction with phonons results in a shift of the frequency exponent from unity. A comparison with the experimental data on 1/f noise in InGaAs quantum wells and high-temperature superconductors is made which shows that the observed noise levels are only a few times as high as the bound established.
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