arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.13531cs.LGcs.AIstat.ML
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序贯决策中的“假设”推理学习

Learning "What-if" Explanations for Sequential Decision-Making

University of Oxford(牛津大学);The Alan Turing Institute(艾伦·图灵研究所);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Cambridge Center for AI in Medicine(剑桥人工智能医学中心);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校)

Ioana Bica, Daniel Jarrett, Alihan Hüyük, Mihaela van der Schaar

摘要:

在示范行为的基础上建立现实世界决策的可解释参数化-即专家最大化某些未知奖励函数的观察和行动轨迹-对于不同机构的内省和审计政策至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了学习解释的专家决策建模的奖励函数的偏好方面的“如果”的结果:鉴于目前的历史观察,会发生什么,如果我们采取了一个特定的行动?为了学习这些与专家的行动相关的成本效益权衡,我们将反事实推理集成到批量逆强化学习中。这为定义奖励函数和解释专家行为提供了一种原则性的方法,也满足了现实世界决策的约束--在现实世界中,主动实验通常是不可能的(例如在医疗保健领域)。此外,通过估计不同行为的影响,反事实很容易解决批量设置中政策评估的非政策性质,并且可以自然地适应专家政策依赖于观察历史而不仅仅是当前状态的设置。通过真实和模拟医疗环境中的说明性实验,我们强调了我们的批量、反事实反向强化学习方法在恢复准确且可解释的行为描述方面的有效性。

英文摘要:

Building interpretable parameterizations of real-world decision-making on the basis of demonstrated behavior -- i.e. trajectories of observations and actions made by an expert maximizing some unknown reward function -- is essential for introspecting and auditing policies in different institutions. In this paper, we propose learning explanations of expert decisions by modeling their reward function in terms of preferences with respect to "what if" outcomes: Given the current history of observations, what would happen if we took a particular action? To learn these cost-benefit tradeoffs associated with the expert's actions, we integrate counterfactual reasoning into batch inverse reinforcement learning. This offers a principled way of defining reward functions and explaining expert behavior, and also satisfies the constraints of real-world decision-making -- where active experimentation is often impossible (e.g. in healthcare). Additionally, by estimating the effects of different actions, counterfactuals readily tackle the off-policy nature of policy evaluation in the batch setting, and can naturally accommodate settings where the expert policies depend on histories of observations rather than just current states. Through illustrative experiments in both real and simulated medical environments, we highlight the effectiveness of our batch, counterfactual inverse reinforcement learning approach in recovering accurate and interpretable descriptions of behavior.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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