arXiv 2007.127282020-07-24astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA

内球中最贫金属的恒星

The Most Metal-poor Stars in the Inner Bulge

Henrique Reggiani, Kevin C. Schlaufman, Andrew R. Casey, Alexander P. Ji

备注：: AAS Accepted in July 24, 2020. 25 pages, 9 figures
DOI：: 10.3847/1538-3881/aba948

摘要：

这个凸起是银河系最古老的组成部分。由于对银河系形成的许多模拟都预测，给定金属丰度的最古老的恒星是在紧密结合的轨道上发现的，银河系最古老的恒星很可能是内凸中具有小远心的贫金属恒星（即，$R_{\mathrm{apo}}\lesssim4$ kpc）。在过去，具有这些性质的恒星是不可能找到的，因为沿着视线到内部凸起的极端变红和消光。我们使用Schlaufman & Casey（2014）在Spitzer/GLIMPSE数据上进行的中红外贫金属恒星选择来克服这些问题，并利用AAT/AAOmega进行中等分辨率光谱的目标候选内球贫金属巨星。我们利用这些数据选择了三个已确认的贫金属巨星（$[\mathrm{Fe/H}]=-3.15,-2.56,-2.03$）进行后续的高分辨率麦哲伦/MIKE光谱。使用盖亚DR 2天体测量和我们测量的径向速度进行的全面轨道分析证实，这些恒星是紧密结合的内球星。我们确定了每颗恒星的元素丰度，并在我们最缺乏金属的恒星中发现了相对于铁的高钛和铁峰值丰度。我们建议，我们检测到的独特的丰度签名是一个产品的核合成在一个CO白矮星从一个氦星吸积约10百万年的延迟时间在1000万年质量的热核超新星。尽管在核球中的化学演化预计会很快发生，但在化学演化超过$[\mathrm{Fe/H}]\sim-3$之前，新生银河系核心的强烈恒星形成显然能够产生至少一颗克拉塞卡质量的热核超新星祖先。

英文摘要：

The bulge is the oldest component of the Milky Way. Since numerous simulations of Milky Way formation have predicted that the oldest stars at a given metallicity are found on tightly bound orbits, the Galaxy's oldest stars are likely metal-poor stars in the inner bulge with small apocenters (i.e., $R_{\mathrm{apo}}\lesssim4$ kpc). In the past, stars with these properties have been impossible to find due to extreme reddening and extinction along the line of sight to the inner bulge. We have used the mid-infrared metal-poor star selection of Schlaufman & Casey (2014) on Spitzer/GLIMPSE data to overcome these problems and target candidate inner bulge metal-poor giants for moderate-resolution spectroscopy with AAT/AAOmega. We used those data to select three confirmed metal-poor giants ($[\mathrm{Fe/H}]=-3.15,-2.56,-2.03$) for follow-up high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy. A comprehensive orbit analysis using Gaia DR2 astrometry and our measured radial velocities confirms that these stars are tightly bound inner bulge stars. We determine the elemental abundances of each star and find high titanium and iron-peak abundances relative to iron in our most metal-poor star. We propose that the distinct abundance signature we detect is a product of nucleosynthesis in the Chandrasekhar-mass thermonuclear supernova of a CO white dwarf accreting from a helium star with a delay time of about 10 Myr. Even though chemical evolution is expected to occur quickly in the bulge, the intense star formation in the core of the nascent Milky Way was apparently able to produce at least one Chandrasekhar-mass thermonuclear supernova progenitor before chemical evolution advanced beyond $[\mathrm{Fe/H}]\sim-3$.

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