arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.12369quant-ph
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量子神经网络的可学习性

On the learnability of quantum neural networks

Yuxuan Du, Min-Hsiu Hsieh, Tongliang Liu, Shan You, Dacheng Tao

摘要:

我们考虑了基于变分混合量子经典方案的量子神经网络(QNN)的可学习性,由于非凸优化景观,测量误差以及噪声中间尺度量子(NISQ)机器引入的不可避免的门误差,该方案在很大程度上仍然未知。我们在本文中的贡献是多方面的。首先,我们推导出QNN的效用界的经验风险最小化,并表明,大的门噪声,几个量子测量,深电路深度将导致穷人的效用界。这个结果也适用于基于梯度的经典优化的变分量子线路,并可以独立的兴趣。然后,我们证明了QNN可以被视为一个差分私有(DP)模型。第三,我们表明,如果一个概念类可以有效地学习QNN,那么它也可以有效地学习QNN,即使有门噪声。这一结果意味着QNN无论是在无噪声还是有噪声的量子机器上实现都具有相同的可学习性。最后,我们展示了量子统计查询(QSQ)模型可以有效地模拟噪声QNN。由于QSQ模型可以在运行时加速的情况下处理某些任务,因此我们的结果表明,在NISQ设备上实现的修改后的QNN将保留量子优势。数值模拟结果支持了理论结果。

英文摘要:

We consider the learnability of the quantum neural network (QNN) built on the variational hybrid quantum-classical scheme, which remains largely unknown due to the non-convex optimization landscape, the measurement error, and the unavoidable gate errors introduced by noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines. Our contributions in this paper are multi-fold. First, we derive the utility bounds of QNN towards empirical risk minimization, and show that large gate noise, few quantum measurements, and deep circuit depth will lead to the poor utility bounds. This result also applies to the variational quantum circuits with gradient-based classical optimization, and can be of independent interest. We then prove that QNN can be treated as a differentially private (DP) model. Thirdly, we show that if a concept class can be efficiently learned by QNN, then it can also be effectively learned by QNN even with gate noise. This result implies the same learnability of QNN whether it is implemented on noiseless or noisy quantum machines. We last exhibit that the quantum statistical query (QSQ) model can be effectively simulated by noisy QNN. Since the QSQ model can tackle certain tasks with runtime speedup, our result suggests that the modified QNN implemented on NISQ devices will retain the quantum advantage. Numerical simulations support the theoretical results.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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