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arXiv 2007.12103astro-ph.GA
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猎户座最年轻原恒星流出和流入的APEX调查

An APEX survey of outflow and infall toward the youngest protostars in Orion

Z. Nagy, A. Menechella, S. T. Megeath, J. J. Tobin, J. J. Booker, W. J. Fischer, P. Manoj, T. Stanke, A. Stutz, F. Wyrowski

备注：
Accepted for publication in A&A
发表信息：
A&A 642, A137 (2020)
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摘要：

我们的目标是描述早期0级阶段低质量的原恒星在猎户座的样本的流出特性首先确定的赫歇尔空间天文台。我们还在关键分子系中寻找下落的特征。利用阿塔卡马探路者实验望远镜（APEX）获得了16颗非常年轻的0级原恒星的CO $J$ =3-2和$J$ =4-3图。我们搜索的数据线翼指示流出和计算质量，速度和动态时间的流出。我们使用额外的HCO $^+$、H $^{13}$ CO $^+$和NH $_3$谱线来寻找朝向原恒星的下落信号。我们估计流出的质量，部队，和质量损失率的基础上CO $J$ =3-2和$J$ =4-3线强度为8个源检测流出。我们推导出流出的质量和力量的来源没有明确的流出检测上限。对于CO $J$ =3-2，具有清晰流出检测的源的总流出质量在0.03和0.16 $M_\odot$之间的范围内，对于CO $J$ =4-3，在0.02和0.10 $M_\odot$之间的范围内。对于CO $J$ =3-2，外流力在$1.57\times10^{-4}$和$1.16\times10^{-3}$ $M_\odot$ km s $^{-1}$ yr $^{-1}$之间;对于CO $J$ =4-3，外流力在$1.14\times10^{-4}$和$6.92\times10^{-4}$ $M_\odot$ km s $^{-1}$ yr $^{-1}$之间。在我们的样本中，有九颗原恒星显示出不对称的谱线轮廓，这表明与H $^{13}$ CO $^+$或NH $_3$相比，HCO $^+$中的恒星会坠落。在我们的样本中的原恒星的外流力没有表现出与测热光度的相关性，不像其他0类原恒星的一些早期研究所发现的。导出的流出力的来源与检测到的流出是类似的其他-更进化-0级原恒星，这表明流出发展迅速，在0级阶段。

英文摘要：

We aim to characterize the outflow properties of a sample of early Class 0 phase low-mass protostars in Orion first identified by the Herschel Space Observatory. We also look for signatures of infall in key molecular lines. CO $J$=3-2 and $J$=4-3 maps toward 16 very young Class 0 protostars were obtained using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope. We search the data for line wings indicative of outflows and calculate masses, velocities, and dynamical times for the outflows. We use additional HCO$^+$, H$^{13}$CO$^+$, and NH$_3$ lines to look for infall signatures toward the protostars. We estimate the outflow masses, forces, and mass-loss rates based on the CO $J$=3-2 and $J$=4-3 line intensities for 8 sources with detected outflows. We derive upper limits for the outflow masses and forces of sources without clear outflow detections. The total outflow masses for the sources with clear outflow detections are in the range between 0.03 and 0.16 $M_\odot$ for CO $J$=3-2, and in the range between 0.02 and 0.10 $M_\odot$ for CO $J$=4-3. The outflow forces are in the range between $1.57\times10^{-4}$ and $1.16\times10^{-3}$ $M_\odot$ km s$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$ for CO $J$=3-2 and in the range between $1.14\times10^{-4}$ and $6.92\times10^{-4}$ $M_\odot$ km s$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$ for CO $J$=4-3. Nine protostars in our sample show asymmetric line profiles indicative of infall in HCO$^+$, compared to H$^{13}$CO$^+$ or NH$_3$. The outflow forces of the protostars in our sample show no correlation with the bolometric luminosity, unlike those found by some earlier studies for other Class 0 protostars. The derived outflow forces for the sources with detected outflows are similar to those found for other - more evolved - Class 0 protostars, suggesting that outflows develop quickly in the Class 0 phase.

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