Detections of massive stars in the direction of the H II region CS 78 in NGC 6334 and of G332.809-0.132 are here presented. The region covered by the G332.809-0.132 complex coincides with the RCW 103 stellar association. In its core (40' in radius), approximately 110 OB candidate stars (Ks < 10 mag and 0.4 < AKs < 1.6 mag) were identified using 2MASS, DENIS, and GLIMPSE data. This number of OB stars accounts for more than 50% of the observed number of Lyman continuum photons from this region. Medium-resolution K-band spectra were obtained for seven early types, including one WN 8 star and one Ofpe/WN 9 star; the latter is located near the RCW 103 remnant and its luminosity is consistent with a distance of about 3 kpc. The area analyzed encloses 9 of the 34 OB stars previously known in RCW 103, as well as IRAS 16115-5044, which we reclassify as a candidate luminous blue variable. The line of sight is particularly interesting, crossing three spiral arms; a molecular cloud at -50 (with RCW 103 in the Scutum-Crux arm) and another at -90 km s-1 (in the Norma arm) are detected, both rich in massive stars and supernova remnants. We also report the detection of a B supergiant as the main ionizing source of CS 78, 2MASS J17213513-3532415. Medium-resolution H and K band spectra display H I and He I lines, as well as Fe II lines. By assuming a distance of 1.35 kpc, we estimate a bolometric magnitude of -6.16, which is typical of supergiants.
We present $\it{Hubble}$ $\it{Space}$ $\it{Telescope}$ proper motions in the direction of the star cluster NGC$\,$419 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Because of the high precision of our measurements, for the first time it is possible to resolve the complex kinematics of the stellar populations located in the field, even along the tangential direction. In fact, the proper motions we measured allow us to separate cluster stars, which move on average with ($μ_α\cosδ^{\rm NGC\,419}, μ_δ^{\rm NGC\,419}$) = ($+0.878\pm0.055$, $-1.246\pm0.048$) mas yr$^{-1}$, from those of the Small Magellanic Cloud …
An atomic hydrogen bridge fueling NGC 4418 with gas from VV 655
星系NGC 4418拥有一个紧凑的（$<20$ pc）核心，具有非常高的热光度（$\sim10^{11}$ L $_\odot$）。由于银河系的大部分能量输出都来自这个小区域，因此确定是什么激发了这种强烈的活动是很有意义的。NGC 4418与VV 655的相互作用被提出，其中NGC 4418获得的气体可能会引发强烈的恒星形成和/或中心的黑洞吸积。我们的目标是通过研究两个星系周围的中性氢结构来约束相互作用假设。我们目前的观察，在1.4 GHz的射电连续谱的超大阵列，以及从原子氢的发射和吸收。高斯分布拟合所观察到的HI发射和吸收光谱。在发射中可以看到一个HI原子桥，连接NGC 4418和VV 655。虽然NGC 4418在连续发射中是明亮的，并且在HI吸收中可见，但VV 655在连续发射中几乎检测不到，但显示出明亮的HI发射（M $_\mathrm{HI}\sim10^9$ M $_\odot$）。我们分别估算了NGC 4418和VV 655的3.2 M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$和0.13 M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$的1.4 GHz SFR。分别测量了VV 655和NGC 4418的2202 $\pm$ 20 km s $^{-1}$（发射）和2105.4 $\pm$ 10 km s $^{-1}$（吸收）的系统HI速度。红移的HI吸收被观察到朝向NGC …
A fully-sampled and hitherto highest resolution and sensitivity observation of neutral hydrogen (HI) in the Leo Triplet (NGC 3628, M 65/NGC 3623, and M 66/NGC 3627) reveals six HI structures beyond the three galaxies. We present detailed results of the morphologies and kinematics of these structures, which can be used for future simulations. In particular, we detect a two-arm structure in the plume of NGC 3628 for the first time, which can be explained by a tidal interaction model. The optical counterpart of the plume is mainly associated with the southern arm. The connecting part (base) of th…
We trace the evolution of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 3501, making use of its stellar populations extracted from deep integral-field spectroscopy MUSE observations. We present stellar kinematic and population maps, as well as the star formation history, of the south-western half of the galaxy. The derived maps of the stellar line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion are quite regular, show disc-like rotation, and no other structural component of the galaxy. However, maps of the stellar populations exhibit structures in the mass-weighted and light-weighted age, total metallicity and [Mg/…
NGC 1266 is a lenticular galaxy (S0) hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN), and known to contain a large amount of shocked gas. We compare the luminosity ratio of mid-\emph{J} CO lines to IR continuum with star-forming galaxies (SFGs), and then model the CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED). We confirm that in the mid- and high-\emph{J} regions ($J_{\rm up}$ = 4--13), the C-type shock ($v_{\rm s}$ = 25 km s$^{-1}$, $n_{\rm H}$ = $5\times10^{4}$ cm$^{-3}$) can reproduce the CO observations well. The galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed and modeled by the code {\tt …
Both observations and cosmological simulations have recently shown that there is a large scatter in the number of satellites of Milky Way (MW)-like galaxies. In this study, we investigate the relation between the satellite number and galaxy group assembly history, using the $r-$band magnitude gap ($Δm_{12}$) between the first and the second brightest galaxy as an indicator. From 20 deg$^2$ of Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Wide layer, we identify 17 dwarf satellite candidates around NGC 4437, a spiral galaxy with about one-fourth of the MW stellar mass. We estimate their distances …
_NGC 4589, a bright E2 merger-remnant galaxy, hosts the peculiar fast and faint calcium-rich Type Ib supernova (SN) SN 2005cz. The progenitor of Ca-rich SNe Ib has been controversial: it could be a) a young massive star with 6-12 M$\odot$ in a binary system, or b) an old low-mass star in a binary system that was kicked out from the galaxy center. Moreover, previous distance estimates for this galaxy have shown a large spread, ranging from 20 Mpc to 60 Mpc. Thus, using archival $Hubble$ $Space$ $Telescope$/ACS $F435W$, $F555W$, and $F814W$ images, we search for star clusters in NGC 4589 in orde…
The formation of nuclear star clusters (NSCs) remains an open question. In this work, we use spatially resolved HST/STIS spectroscopic observations of three nearby NSCs (hosted by NGC 5102, NGC 5206, and NGC 205) to constrain their formation histories by exploring radial variations of the stellar populations within each cluster. Utilizing full-spectrum fitting, we find substantial age and metallicity gradients within the central 0."9 (16~pc) of the NSC in NGC 5102 where populations near the center are young/metal-rich (age ~400~Myr and [M/H] ~-0.4) and become older/metal-poor at larger radii (…
NGC 6240 is a luminous infrared galaxy in the local universe in the midst of a major merger. We analyze high-resolution interferometric observations of warm molecular gas using CO J = 3 - 2 and 6 - 5 in the central few kpc of NGC 6240 taken by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Using these CO line observations, we model the density distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas between the nuclei of the galaxies. Our models suggest that a disk model represents the data poorly. Instead, we argue that the observations are consistent with a tidal bridge between the two nuclei. We also observe …
Splash bridges are formed from the direct inelastic collision of gas-rich galaxies. Recent multi-wavelength observations of the Taffy galaxies, UGC 12914/15, have revealed complicated gas structures in the bridge. We have upgraded the sticky particle simulation code of Yeager et al., 2019, by adding: the ability to adjust the relative inclination of the gas discs, the ability to track cloud-cloud collisions over time, and additional cooling processes. Inclination effects lead to various morphological features, including filamentary streams of gas stripped from the smaller galactic disc. The of…
We present WIYN/Hydra spectra of 34 red giant candidate members of NGC 188, which, together with WOCS and Gaia data yield 23 single members, 6 binary members, 4 single nonmembers, and 1 binary nonmember. We report [Fe/H] for 29 members and derive [Fe/H]$_{\rm{NGC188}}$ = +0.064 $\pm$ 0.018 dex ($σ_μ$) (sky spectra yield A(Fe)$_{\odot}$ = 7.520 $\pm$ 0.015 dex ($σ_μ$)). We discuss effects on the derived parameters of varying Yale-Yonsei isochrones to fit the turnoff. We take advantage of the coolest, lowest-gravity giants to refine the line list near Li 6707.8 Å. Using synthesis we derive detec…
We wish to measure the cool star rotation period distribution for the Pleiades-age rich open cluster NGC 2516 and use it to determine whether cluster-to-cluster variations exist in otherwise identical open clusters. We obtained 42 d-long time-series CCD photometry of NGC 2516 using the Yale 1 m telescope at CTIO and performed a number of related analyses, including PSF-based time-series photometry. Our data are complemented with additional information from several photometric datasets, literature radial velocities, and Gaia DR2 astrometry. All available data are used to construct an integrated…
NGC 6441 is a bulge globular cluster with an unusual horizontal branch morphology and a rich population of RR Lyrae (RRL) and Type II Cepheid (T2C) variables that is unexpected for its relatively high metallicity. We present near-infrared (NIR, $JHK_s$) time-series observations of 42 RRL, 8 T2Cs, and 10 eclipsing binary candidate variables in NGC 6441. The multi-epoch observations were obtained using the FLAMINGOS-2 instrument on the 8-m Gemini South telescope. Multi-band data are used to investigate pulsation properties of RRL and T2C variables including their light curves, instability strip,…
Lithium rich stars in globular clusters are rare. In fact, only 14 have been found so far, in different evolutionary phases from dwarfs to giants. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this enhancement, but it is still an open problem. Using spectra collected within the Gaia-ESO Survey, obtained with the GIRAFFE spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope, we present the discovery of the first Li-rich star in the cluster NGC 1261, the second star known in the red giant branch bump phase. The star shows an extreme Li overabundance of A(Li)_LTE=3.92\pm0.14, corresponding to A(Li)_N…
We present a polarization and Faraday rotation study of the hybrid morphology radio galaxy NGC 612 (PKS 0131-36), using Australian Telescope Compact Array observations from 1 to 3 GHz. In general, the results are consistent with an external Faraday screen close to the radio source. In the eastern FRII lobe, the RM of the hotspot increases in magnitude towards the leading edge, as well as changing sign (compared to the rest of the lobe). The Faraday depolarization is also ~3 times larger at the hotspot than elsewhere. A plausible explanation for this is significant compression of ambient magnet…
We report the identification of the unusual emission-line stellar-like object in the nearby low-metallicity (Z ~ 0.1Zsun) dwarf galaxy NGC 4068. Our observations performed with long-slit spectrograph and Fabry-Perot interferometer demonstrate high velocity dispersion in Ha line, presence of HeII4686A line and peculiarly low [SII]/[NII] fluxes ratio for this object. From observational data, we derived that the object represents a single star of high bolometric luminosity L~1.5*10^6 Lsun surrounded by an expanding nebula with kinematical age of t ~ 0.5Myr. The nebula exhibits significant nitroge…
Stellar lifetime and ultraviolet properties of the old metal-rich Galactic open cluster NGC6791: a pathway to understand the UV upturn of elliptical galaxies
We present a survey of variable stars detected in K2 Campaign 13 within the massive intermediate age ($\sim1$ Gyr) open cluster NGC 1817. We identify a complete sample of 44 red clump stars in the cluster, and have measured asteroseismic quantities ($ν_{\rm max}$ and/or $Δν$) for 29 of them. Five stars showed suppressed dipole modes, and the occurrence rates indicate that mode suppression is unaffected by evolution through core helium burning. A subset of the giants in NGC 1817 (and in the similarly aged cluster NGC 6811) have $ν_{\rm max}$ and $Δν$ values at or near the maximum observed for c…
We present results from our Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) HI, Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) Halpha, 1m Sampurnanand Telescope (ST) and 1.3m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope (DFOT) deep optical observations of NGC 7805/6 (Arp 112) system to test KUG 2359+311's tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidacy and explore the properties of the interacting system. Our GMRT HI map shows no HI detection associated with KUG 2359+311, nor any HI tail or bridge-like structure connecting KUG 2359+311 to the NGC 7805/6 system. Our HCT Halpha image on the other hand, shows strong detections in KUG 2359+311…
Two Groups of Red Giants with Distinct Chemical Abundances in the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6553 Through the Eyes of APOGEE
在球状星团中发现的多星族是研究这些恒星系统形成和演化的重要窗口。银河系隆起中富含金属的GC是这张照片中不可或缺的一部分，但该地区的高光学消光阻碍了广泛的研究。在这项工作中，我们使用APOGEE的高分辨率近红外（NIR）光谱数据来研究NGC 6553的化学丰度，这是最富金属的凸起GC之一。我们确定了10个红巨星集群成员使用他们的位置，径向速度，铁丰度，和近红外测光。我们的样本星显示出平均径向速度为$-0.14\pm5.47$ km s $^{-1}$，平均[Fe/H]为$-0.15\pm 0.05$。我们清楚地分开两个人口的恒星在C和N在这个GC的第一次。NGC 6553是迄今为止发现多恒星星族现象的最富金属的GC。大量的化学变化也被发现在Na，O和Al。然而，这两个人口显示出相似的Si，Ca和铁峰元素丰度。因此，我们推断CNO、NeNa和MgAl循环已经被激活，但MgAl循环太弱而不能显示其对Mg的影响。Ia型和II型超新星似乎没有严重污染第二代恒星。与其他GC研究相比，NGC 6553显示出与其他相对富金属GC相似的化学变化。我们也面对目前的GC形成理论与我们的研究结果，并提出可能的途径，改进模型。
