离子特异性调控的非均匀界面流抑制电解质溶液中的气泡聚并
Ion specificity modulated inhomogeneous interfacial flow inhibits bubble coalescence in electrolyte solutions
AI总结：
本文揭示了电解质溶液中由阴阳离子表面特异性引起的非均匀界面流通过形成浓度梯度和表面张力梯度抑制气泡聚并的机制，并结合高速干涉实验与输运模型进行了定量验证。
摘要：
电解质溶液中气泡聚并的抑制使得海洋白冠得以形成，并影响许多与气泡相关的工程过程中的热量和质量传递。对于不同的电解质，抑制气泡聚并的能力与空气-水界面上的离子特异性相关，且表现为一种异常的阳离子-阴离子配对关系，而不是在大气、生物和化学过程中被广泛报道的典型阳离子或阴离子序列。本文中我们表明，由于阳离子和阴离子的表面特异性，界面处具有不同于溶液本体的电解质浓度，由此产生的非均匀界面流对电解质溶液中的气泡聚并抑制行为具有重要贡献。该界面流通过可移动的空气-水界面实现，促使两个碰撞气泡之间形成的液膜内电解质浓度持续变化，从而在薄膜与本体溶液之间产生电解质浓度梯度。该电解质浓度梯度以及由此产生的表面张力梯度，在液膜厚度达到数十纳米时对抵抗液膜变薄变得显著。通过高速干涉测量法实验捕获了两个气泡之间液膜变薄的延缓以及气泡聚并的延迟，并利用所提出的电解质输运模型进行了定量解释。这一发现明确突出了界面流与离子特异性的耦合效应，对加深海洋波浪的理解具有重要意义，对高浓度电解质溶液中胶体科学的未来发展具有重要启示，而这对生物学至关重要，并有益于水分解和矿物提取等许多应用领域。
英文摘要：
Inhibition of bubble coalescence in electrolyte solutions enables the formation of oceanic whitecaps and affects the heat and mass transfer in many bubble related engineering processes. For different electrolytes, the ability to inhibit bubble coalescence correlates to the ion specificity at the air water interface at an abnormal cation-anion pair relationship, rather than the typically expected cation or anion series that was widely reported in atmospheric, bio- and chemical processes. Here we show that the inhomogeneous interfacial flow, at a different electrolyte concentration from the solution because of the surface specificity of both cation and anion, contributes to the bubble coalescence inhibition behavior in electrolyte solutions. The interfacial flow, achieved with the mobile air-water interface, contributes to the continuous change of electrolyte concentration within the liquid film formed between two colliding bubbles, thereby resulting in a concentration gradient of electrolytes between the thin film and the bulk solution. The electrolyte concentration gradient, hence surface tension gradient, becomes significant to resist film thinning when the film thickness reaches tens of nanometers. The retarded film thinning between two bubbles and delayed bubble coalescence were experimentally captured by high-speed interferometry and quantitatively explained by the proposed electrolyte transportation model. This finding clearly highlights the coupled effect of interfacial flow and ion specificity, and shows important implications for improved understanding of ocean waves, for future development of colloidal science in high concentration electrolyte solutions that is critical for biology, and benefits many applied fields like water splitting and mineral extraction.
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