物理学中的机构
Agency in Physics
摘要：
我从物理学的角度讨论了代理概念的三个方面：（i）是什么使物理系统成为代理人;（ii）代理人的时间取向的原因;（iii）在选择行动时产生的信息的来源。我观察到，能动性是对一种近似的打破，在这种近似下，动力学似乎是封闭的。我区分了不同的代理概念，并观察到上述问题的答案在不同的情况下是不同的。我注意到了代理和记忆之间的结构相似性，这使我们能够对代理进行建模，将其时间不对称性追溯到时间不可逆性，并确定代理在熵增长中产生的信息的来源。因此，能动性是一种将低熵转化为信息的物理机制。这可能是生物学赖以建立的全部信息来源的一般机制。
英文摘要：
I discuss three aspects of the notion of agency from the standpoint of physics: (i) what makes a physical system an agent; (ii) the reason for agency's time orientation; (iii) the source of the information generated in choosing an action. I observe that agency is the breaking of an approximation under which dynamics appears closed. I distinguish different notions of agency, and observe that the answer to the questions above differ in different cases. I notice a structural similarity between agency and memory, that allows us to model agency, trace its time asymmetry to thermodynamical irreversibility, and identify the source of the information generated by agency in the growth of entropy. Agency is therefore a physical mechanism that transforms low entropy into information. This may be the general mechanism at the source of the whole information on which biology builds.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
