中子星超强电磁场中的粒子加速
Particle acceleration in neutron star ultra-strong electromagnetic fields
摘要：
在本文中，我们讨论了一种新的粒子推进器在现实的超强电磁场中的结果，如旋转的中子星周围遇到的那些。在简单的领域，并将其与预期的精确解析解的算法的结果进行比较后，我们提出了新的模拟旋转磁偶极子在真空中的毫秒脉冲星使用Deutsch解决方案。粒子被注入磁层，忽略辐射反应，它们之间的相互作用和它们对场的反馈。因此，我们的模拟还不是完全自洽的，因为麦克斯韦方程组不是根据这些粒子产生的电流求解的。该代码突出了相反的电荷质量比$q/m$相对于南北半球的粒子的对称行为。被加速粒子的相对论性洛伦兹因子与这个比值$q/m$成正比：质子达到$γ_p \simeq 10^{10.7}$，而电子达到$γ_e \simeq 10^{14}$。我们的模拟显示，粒子可能被中子星捕获，或者被困在中子星周围，或者被喷射到远离中子星的地方，远远超出光柱。实际上，对于给定的荷质比，粒子遵循类似的轨迹。由于对称性，这些粒子轨道显示出一些耗尽方向，特别是对于正电荷在相对于旋转轴的高磁倾角处，而对于负电荷在低磁倾角处。其他方向是优选的，并且装载有高密度的颗粒，一些方向集中了最高或最低的加速效率。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we discuss the results of a new particle pusher in realistic ultra-strong electromagnetic fields as those encountered around rotating neutron stars. After presenting results of this algorithm in simple fields and comparing them to expected exact analytical solutions, we present new simulations for a rotating magnetic dipole in vacuum for a millisecond pulsar by using Deutsch solution. Particles are injected within the magnetosphere, neglecting radiation reaction, interaction among them and their feedback on the fields. Our simulations are therefore not yet fully self-consistent because Maxwell equations are not solved according to the current produced by these particles. The code highlights the symmetrical behaviour of particles of opposite charge to mass ratio $q/m$ with respect to the north and south hemispheres. The relativistic Lorentz factor of the accelerated particles is proportional to this ratio $q/m$: protons reach up to $γ_p \simeq 10^{10.7}$, whereas electrons reach up to $γ_e \simeq 10^{14}$. Our simulations show that particles could be either captured by the neutron star, trapped around it, or ejected far from it, well outside the light-cylinder. Actually, for a given charge to mass ratio, particles follow similar trajectories. These particle orbits show some depleted directions, especially at high magnetic inclination with respect to the rotation axis for positive charges and at low inclination for negative charges because of symmetry. Other directions are preferred and loaded with a high density of particles, some directions concentrating the highest or lowest acceleration efficiencies.
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