社会计算的数学基础
Mathematical Foundations for Social Computing
摘要：
社会计算包括人们与计算系统交互的机制：众包系统、排名和推荐系统、在线预测市场、公民科学项目和协作编辑的维基，仅举几例。这些系统都有一个共同的特征，即人类是积极的参与者，做出的选择决定了系统的输入，因此也决定了系统的输出。这些系统的输出可以被视为机器和人类之间的联合计算，并且可以比任何一个单独产生的都更丰富。社会计算这个术语经常被用作几个相关领域的同义词，例如“人类计算”和“集体智慧”的子集;我们在最广泛的意义上使用它来涵盖所有这些东西。社会计算正在蓬勃发展成为一个丰富的研究领域，来自不同学科的贡献，包括计算机科学，经济学和其他社会科学。然而，社会计算的广泛数学基础尚未建立，数学研究影响社会计算的机会太多了。与其他领域一样，数学工作有很大的潜力影响和塑造社会计算的未来。然而，我们还远没有系统地、有原则地理解社会计算的优势、局限性和潜力，而这些优势、局限性和潜力是社会计算对其他领域的应用产生影响所必需的。2015年6月，我们召集了大约25位相关领域的专家，讨论为社会计算建立数学基础的前景和挑战。本文件概括了所讨论的几个主要观点。
英文摘要：
Social computing encompasses the mechanisms through which people interact with computational systems: crowdsourcing systems, ranking and recommendation systems, online prediction markets, citizen science projects, and collaboratively edited wikis, to name a few. These systems share the common feature that humans are active participants, making choices that determine the input to, and therefore the output of, the system. The output of these systems can be viewed as a joint computation between machine and human, and can be richer than what either could produce alone. The term social computing is often used as a synonym for several related areas, such as "human computation" and subsets of "collective intelligence"; we use it in its broadest sense to encompass all of these things. Social computing is blossoming into a rich research area of its own, with contributions from diverse disciplines including computer science, economics, and other social sciences. Yet a broad mathematical foundation for social computing is yet to be established, with a plethora of under-explored opportunities for mathematical research to impact social computing. As in other fields, there is great potential for mathematical work to influence and shape the future of social computing. However, we are far from having the systematic and principled understanding of the advantages, limitations, and potentials of social computing required to match the impact on applications that has occurred in other fields. In June 2015, we brought together roughly 25 experts in related fields to discuss the promise and challenges of establishing mathematical foundations for social computing. This document captures several of the key ideas discussed.
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