倾斜狄拉克锥材料中由缓慢加热产生的电子电流
Electron Currents from Gradual Heating in Tilted Dirac Cone Materials
AI总结：
本文基于有效时空度量提出了倾斜狄拉克/外尔材料的流体动力学理论，发现时空混合可产生由温度时间梯度诱导的热电效应及对称类霍尔电导，揭示了此类材料收集环境热能发电的潜力。
摘要：
容纳倾斜狄拉克/外尔费米子的材料为固态物理提供了一种涌现的时空结构。它们允许使用有效时空度量进行几何描述。利用这种源于底层晶格长距离行为的度量，我们在2+1时空维度中提出了倾斜狄拉克/外尔材料的流体动力学理论。我们发现，通过度量的非对角分量导致的时空混合会产生：(i) 响应于温度的时间梯度的热电流和电流，即$\partial_t T$；(ii) 非零的对称类霍尔电导$\sigma^{ij}\propto \zeta^i\zeta^j$，其中$\zeta^j$参数化了第$j$个空间方向上的倾斜。上述发现(i)可以在实验室中最先进的冷却/加热速率设置中得到验证，这意味着这些材料中非平凡的涌现时空几何赋予了它们一种迷人的能力，即收集炎热沙漠中自然可用的$\partial_t T$源来产生电能。我们进一步发现了一种由倾斜诱导的电导率贡献，它是德鲁极点的产物，并且可以在实验上与德鲁极点本身解耦。
英文摘要：
Materials hosting tilted Dirac/Weyl fermions provide an emergent spacetime structure for the solid state physics. They admit a geometric description in terms of an effective spacetime metric. Using this metric that is rooted in the long-distance behavior of the underlying lattice, we formulate the hydrodynamic theory for tilted Dirac/Weyl materials in $2+1$ spacetime dimensions. We find that the mingling of space and time through the off-diagonal components of the metric gives rise to: (i) heat and electric currents in response to the $temporal$ gradient of temperature, $\partial_t T$ and (ii) a non-zero symmetric Hall-like conductance $σ^{ij}\propto ζ^iζ^j$ where $ζ^j$ parameterize the tilt in $j$'th space direction. The finding (i) above that can be demonstrated in the laboratory in state of the art cooling/heating rate settings, implies that the non-trivial emergent spacetime geometry in these materials empowers them with a fascinating capability to harvest the naturally available sources of $\partial_t T$ of hot deserts to produce electric energy. We further find a tilt-induced contribution to the conductivity which is an offspring of Drude pole and can be experimentally disentangled from the Drude pole itself.
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