相对论电子束非弹性散射统一描述中纳米光学和condensed matter形式的桥接
Bridging nano-optics and condensed matter formalisms in a unified description of inelastic scattering of relativistic electron beams
摘要：
在过去的几十年里，电子能量损失谱（EELS）领域的实验突破蓬勃发展，引发了各种理论的发展。这些必须处理完全不同的情况，从原子分辨的声子映射到通过表面等离子体映射的电子圆二色性。所有这些都依赖于非常不同的物理近似值，尽管早期尝试这样做，但尚未得到调和。作为在这个方向上的努力，我们报告的发展标量相对论量子电动力学（QED）的方法的非弹性散射的快电子。这个理论可以适用于描述所有现代EELS实验，并在相关近似下，可以减少到任何最后的EELS理论。为此，本文介绍了与电子非弹性散射有关的标量相对论QED的基本理论和研究现状。然后，我们给出了一个明确的关系，两个一次拮抗剂描述的EELS，延迟绿色并矢，通常适用于描述光子激发和准静态混合动态形状因子（MDFF），更适合于描述核心电子激发的材料。然后，我们使用这个理论建立两个重要的EELS相关方程。第一个与空间分辨EELS光子传播和传入和传出的电子束波函数的虚部，合成最常见的理论分析空间分辨EELS实验。第二个结果表明，电子束密度矩阵的演化与互相干张量成正比，证明了在相当普遍的情况下，目标中的电磁相关性会印刻在探测电子束的相干特性中。
英文摘要：
In the last decades, the blossoming of experimental breakthroughs in the domain of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has triggered a variety of theoretical developments. Those have to deal with completely different situations, from atomically resolved phonon mapping to electron circular dichroism passing by surface plasmon mapping. All of them rely on very different physical approximations and have not yet been reconciled, despite early attempts to do so. As an effort in that direction, we report on the development of a scalar relativistic quantum electrodynamic (QED) approach of the inelastic scattering of fast electrons. This theory can be adapted to describe all modern EELS experiments, and under the relevant approximations, can be reduced to any of the last EELS theories. In that aim, we present in this paper the state of the art and the basics of scalar relativistic QED relevant to the electron inelastic scattering. We then give a clear relation between the two once antagonist descriptions of the EELS, the retarded green Dyadic, usually applied to describe photonic excitations and the quasi-static mixed dynamic form factor (MDFF), more adapted to describe core electronic excitations of material. We then use this theory to establish two important EELS-related equations. The first one relates the spatially resolved EELS to the imaginary part of the photon propagator and the incoming and outgoing electron beam wavefunction, synthesizing the most common theories developed for analyzing spatially resolved EELS experiments. The second one shows that the evolution of the electron beam density matrix is proportional to the mutual coherence tensor, proving that quite universally, the electromagnetic correlations in the target are imprinted in the coherence properties of the probing electron beam.
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