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arXiv 2007.02231nucl-thnucl-ex
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一种新的Radioactive Decay模型--真三元Fission--重核衰变成三个可比较的碎片

A New Radioactive Decay Mode, True Ternary Fission, the Decay of Heavy Nuclei Into Three Comparable Fragments

W. von Oertzen, A. K. Nasirov

摘要:

在几个实验中,使用放置在裂变核源两侧的探测器望远镜(FOBOS-detector,JINR,Dubna),在两个碎片之间的二元符合中观察到了重核的三元簇衰变。在相对角度为180 $^0$ deg.对应于二分裂或通过登记具有不同质量的两个核(例如,$^{132}$ Sn、$^{52-48}$ Ca、$^{68-72}$ Ni)而衰变成三个簇碎片。这标志着重核裂变现象物理学的新进展。这些实验结果的共线集群三分区(CCT),指的是衰变成三个集群的可比质量。在目前的工作中,我们讨论了这个三元裂变(FFF)模式的各个方面。共线性的问题进行了分析的基础上,最近的出版物。进一步了解可能的衰变模式是通过讨论的路径走向更大的变形,走向超变形和检查的细节的势能面(PES)。在通往导致三裂变的极端变形状态的道路上,变形壳层的概念是最重要的。在断裂构型下,由PES确定的相空间导致最终的质量分布。PES可以预测在同一系统中形成几乎相同大小的碎片($Z_i$ = 32,34,32,对于$Z$ =98)和观察到几种其他裂变模式的可能性。PES的显示明显的极小值和谷,即为几个质量/电荷组合的三元碎片,这对应于各种共线三元裂变(多模态)衰变。$^{252}$ Cf(sf,fff)衰变的情况是独特的,这是由于在整个系统中存在变形壳层,而在衰变中所有三个核都存在闭合壳层。

英文摘要:

The ternary cluster decay of heavy nuclei has been observed in several experiments with binary coincidences between two fragments using detector telescopes (the FOBOS-detectors, JINR, Dubna) placed on the opposite sides from the source of fissioning nuclei. The binary coincidences at a relative angle of 180$^0$ deg. correspond to binary fission or to the decay into three cluster fragments by registration of two nuclei with different masses (e.g.$^{132}$Sn,$^{52-48}$Ca,$^{68-72}$Ni). This marks a new step in the physics of fission-phenomena of heavy nuclei. These experimental results for the collinear cluster tripartition (CCT), refer to the decay into three clusters of comparable masses. In the present work we discuss the various aspects of this ternary fission (FFF) mode. The question of collinearity is analysed on the basis of recent publications. Further insight into the possible decay modes is obtained by the discussion of the path towards larger deformation, towards hyper-deformation and by inspecting details of the potential energy surfaces (PES). In the path towards the extremely deformed states leading to ternary fission, the concept of deformed shells is most important. At the scission configuration the phase space determined by the PES's leads to the final mass distributions. The possibility of formation of fragments of almost equal size ($Z_i$ = 32, 34, 32, for $Z$=98) and the observation of several other fission modes in the same system can be predicted by the PES. The PES's show pronounced minima and valleys, namely for several mass/charge combinations of ternary fragments, which correspond to a variety of collinear ternary fission (multi-modal) decays. The case of the decay of $^{252}$Cf(sf,fff) turns out to be unique due to the presence of deformed shells in the total system and of closed shells in all three nuclei in the decay.

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