The grand-design face-on spiral galaxy M51 is an excellent laboratory for studying magnetic fields in galaxies. We present new observations of M51 using the VLA at the frequency range of S-band (2-4GHz), to shed new light on the transition region between the disk and halo. We present images of the distributions of the total intensity, polarized intensity, degree of polarization, and rotation measure (RM). The RM distribution in S-band shows a fluctuating pattern without any apparent large-scale structure. We discuss a model of the depolarization of synchrotron radiation in a multi-layer magneto-ionic medium and compare the model predictions to the polarization data of M51 between 1-8GHz. Since the model predictions strongly differ within the wavelength range of the S-band, the new data are essential. The parameters of the model are adjusted to fit to the data of polarization fractions in a few selected regions. In three spiral arm regions, the turbulent field in the disk dominates with strengths between 18muG and 24muG, while the regular field strengths are 8-16muG. In one inter-arm region, the regular field strength of 18muG exceeds that of the turbulent field of 11muG. The regular field strengths in the halo are 3-5muG. The observed RMs in the disk-halo transition region are probably dominated by tangled regular fields, as predicted from models of evolving dynamos, and/or vertical fields, as predicted from numerical simulations of Parker instabilities or galactic winds. Both types of magnetic fields have frequent reversals on scales similar to or larger than the beam size (550pc) that contribute to an increase of the RM dispersion and to distortions of any large-scale pattern of the regular field. Our study devises new ways of analyzing and interpreting broadband multi-frequency polarization data that will be applicable to future data from, for example, the Square Kilometre Array.
Collisions between Dark Matter Confined High Velocity Clouds and Magnetized Galactic Disks: The Smith Cloud
银河系的高速云（HVC）可能包括一个被暗物质迷你晕限制并向银河系盘下落的子群。本文首次对以暗物质为主的HVC与弱磁化星系盘碰撞进行了磁流体动力学模拟研究。我们的HVC的重子质量为$5 \times 10^6\,$ M $_{\odot}$，暗物质微晕质量为0、$3 \times 10^8$或$1 \times 10^9\,$ M $_{\odot}$。它们是以史密斯云为模型的，据说史密斯云在7000万年前与圆盘相撞。我们发现，在所有情况下，云与星系盘的碰撞都会在星系盘上产生一个洞，完全分散云，并在星系盘的远端形成一个气泡状结构。相反，当存在时，暗物质微晕继续沿着其轨迹畅通无阻。之后，随着微晕穿过气泡结构和星系晕，它在重子物质中吸积到$6.0 \times 10^5\,$ M $_{\odot}$，这取决于磁场和微晕引力的强度。这些模拟表明，如果史密斯云与一个暗物质微晕有关，并与银河系盘碰撞，那么微晕已经吸积了观测到的气体。然而，如果史密斯云是暗物质自由的，它是第一次接近磁盘。这些模拟还表明，根据磁场的强度，暗物质要么集中在云的头部，要么集中在云的附近，这一点可以为间接的暗物质搜索提供信息。
Global simulations of accretion flows onto perturbers embedded in magnetized disks -I. MRI and jet formation in ideal MHD
Charles University（查理大学）；Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所）；Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute（尼尔斯·玻尔国际学院，尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）
Connection between galaxy morphology and dark-matter halo structure II: predicting disk structure from dark-matter halo properties
Peking University（北京大学）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校天文学系）；Carnegie Observatories（卡内基观测站）；TAPIR, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院 TAPIR）；Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University（耶路撒冷希伯来大学拉卡物理学院天体物理学与行星科学中心）
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文中心）；Indian Institute of Technology Indore（印度理工学院印多尔分校）；Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)（格兰萨索科学研究所）；University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校国家超级计算应用中心）；Academy of Athens（雅典科学院）；Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, College of Astronomy and Natural Sciences（尼古拉·哥白尼高等学院天文学与自然科学学院）；Silesian University in Opava（奥帕瓦西里西亚大学）
