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arXiv 2007.00249physics.flu-dyn
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流体流动Koopman分析的理论框架,第1部分:局部Koopman谱和性质

A theoretical framework for Koopman analyses of fluid flows, part 1: local Koopman spectrum and properties

Wei Zhang, Mingjun Wei

摘要:

研究了非线性系统的局部Koopman谱问题,以解决系统的全部动力学问题.提出的谱问题是兼容的线性谱理论的各种线性系统,和一些性质的本地Koopman谱被发现。首先,发现了非线性可观量的扩散规律,并将其递归地应用于非线性系统。其次,揭示了非线性动力学Koopman特征空间的层次结构,因为动力学可以分解为基本和扰动部分,其中前者可以解析或数值分析,后者进一步分为线性和非线性部分。线性部分可以用线性谱理论进行分析。然后,他们递归地增殖到无限的非线性部分。第三,利用算子微扰理论,证明了在适当的条件下,局部Koopman谱和本征函数在整个流形上是连续变化的。数值研究了两种流体动力学情况。一个是二维圆柱绕流在临界雷诺数附近的霍普夫分叉。利用DMD算法分别研究了两个渐近阶段:绕不稳定不动点的流动系统和绕稳定极限环的流动系统。Koopman谱的三重链和点阵分布证实了Koopman本征空间的扩散规律和层次结构。另一个例子是三维二次不稳定性的流动通过一个固定的圆柱,在那里的傅立叶模式,Floquet模式,和高阶Koopman模式特征的主要结构的流动被发现。

英文摘要:

Local Koopman spectral problem is studied to resolve all dynamics for a nonlinear system. The proposed spectral problem is compatible with the linear spectral theory for various linear systems, and several properties of local Koopman spectrums are discovered. Firstly, proliferation rule is discovered for nonlinear observables and it applies to nonlinear systems recursively. Secondly, the hierarchy structure of Koopman eigenspace of nonlinear dynamics is revealed since dynamics can be decomposed into the base and perturbation parts, where the former can be analyzed analytically or numerically and the latter is further divided into linear and nonlinear parts. The linear part can be analyzed by the linear spectrums theory. They are then recursively proliferated to infinite numbers for the nonlinear part. Thirdly, local Koopman spectrums and eigenfunctions change continuously and analytically in the whole manifold under suitable conditions, derived from operator perturbation theory. Two cases of fluid dynamics are numerically studied. One is the two-dimensional flow past cylinder at the Hopf-bifurcation near the critical Reynolds number. Two asymptotic stages, flow systems around an unstable fixed point and a stable limit cycle were studied separately by the DMD algorithm. The triad-chain and the lattice distribution of Koopman spectrums confirmed the proliferation rule and hierarchy structure of Koopman eigenspace. Another example is the three-dimensional secondary instability of flow past a fixed cylinder, where the Fourier modes, Floquet modes, and high-order Koopman modes characterizing the main structure of the flow are discovered.

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