从黑洞到白洞I.一个完备的准经典模型
Black holes to white holes I. A complete quasi-classical model
摘要：
这是两篇论文中的第一篇，这两篇论文提出了不同版本的准经典玩具模型，用于描述球对称黑洞的几何形状和相关的有效应力-能量张量的非奇异演化，该黑洞演化为白洞，并在蒸发到普朗克尺度后最终消失。几何形状的解释受到史瓦西背景下半经典应力-能量张量的计算和环圈量子引力的非奇异过渡到白洞的想法的启发。本文着重讨论了黑洞的演化，并假定白洞的演化本质上是黑洞演化的时间反演。霍金“伙伴”的负能量从白洞流出，流向未来的零无限。当坍缩形成黑洞的物质和辐射出现时，白洞就消失了。我讨论了该模型与文献中提出的一些量子能量条件的兼容性，并简要地解释了黑洞熵的含义。第二篇论文考虑如何修改白洞的演化，以避免长时间的负能量发射。
英文摘要：
This is the first of two papers presenting different versions of quasi-classical toy models for the non-singular evolution of the geometry and the associated effective stress-energy tensor for a spherically symmetric black hole that evolves into a white hole and eventually disappears after evaporating down to the Planck scale. The ansatz for the geometry is inspired by calculations of the semi-classical stress-energy tensor in the Schwarzschild background and ideas from loop quantum gravity for a nonsingular transition to the white hole. In this paper the main emphasis is on the evolution of the black hole, and the evolution of the white hole is assumed to be essentially the time reverse of that of the black hole. The negative energy of the Hawking "partners" flows out of the white hole to future null infinity. The white hole disappears when the matter and radiation that collapsed to form the black hole emerges. I discuss the compatibility of the model with some of the quantum energy conditions proposed in the literature, and, briefly, the implications for the interpretation of black hole entropy. The second paper considers how the evolution of the white hole can be modified to avoid prolonged emission of negative energy.
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